查看更多>>摘要：During the last decade,the rapid development of lithium-ion battery(LIB)energy storage systems has provided significant support for the efficient operation of renewable energy stations.In the coming years,the service life demand of energy storage systems will be further increased to 30 years from the current 20 years on the basis of the equivalent service life of renewable energy stations.However,the life of the present LIB is far from meeting such high demand.Therefore,research on the next-generation LIB with ultra-long service life is imminent.Prelithiation technology has been widely studied as an important means to compensate for the initial coulombic efficiency loss and improve the service life of LIBs.This review systematically summarized the different prelithiation methods from anode and cathode electrodes.Moreover,the large-scale industrialization challenge and the possibility of the existing prelithiation technology are analyzed,based on three key parameters:industry compatibility,prelithiation efficiency,and energy density.Finally,the future trends of improvement in LIB performance by other overlithiated cathode materials are presented,which gives a reference for subsequent research.
查看更多>>摘要：Similar to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),during the first charge/discharge process of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),lithium-intercalated anodes(e.g.,silicon,graphite,and hard carbon)also exhibit irreversible lithium intercalation behaviors,such as the formation of a solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which will consume Li+in the electrolyte and significantly reduce the electrochemical performance of the system.Therefore,pre-lithiation is an indispensable procedure for LICs.At present,commercial LICs mostly use lithium metal as the lithium source to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss,which has the demerits of operational complexity and danger.However,the pre-lithiation strategy based on cathode sacrificial lithium salts(CSLSs)has been proposed,which has the advantages of low cost,simple operation,environmental protection,and safety.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of the application of CSLSs to LICs.In this review,the important roles of pre-lithiation in LICs are detailed,and different pre-lithiation methods are reviewed and compared systematically and comprehensively.After that,we systematically discuss the pre-lithiation strategies based on CSLSs and mainly introduce the lithium extraction mechanism of CSLSs and the influence of intrinsic characteristics and doping amount of CSLSs on LICs performance.In addition,a summary and outlook are conducted,aiming to provide the essential basic knowledge and guidance for developing a new pre-lithiation technology.
查看更多>>摘要：Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been widely adopted in various fields(catalysis,sensor,energy storage,etc.)during the last decade owing to the trait of abundant surface chemistry,porous structure,easy-to-adjust pore size,and diverse functional groups.However,the limited active sites and the poor conductivity hinder the relative practical application.2D MOFs can shorten the ion transport path with the merit of layered structure.The large surface area can increase the number of active sites as well as effectively utilize the sufficient active sites,exhibiting enormous potential in the field of energy storage systems(EESs).In this review,the characteristics of the 2D MOFs have been introduced,and the systematic synthesis methods(top-down and bottom-up)of 2D MOFs are presented,providing fundamental understanding for the construction of 2D MOFs.Moreover,the applications of 2D MOFs in energy storage fields such as supercapacitors and batteries are demonstrated in detail.Finally,the future development prospects have been proposed,offering guidelines for the rational utilization of 2D MOFs and promoting the understanding of 2D MOFs in EESs.
查看更多>>摘要：Alkali metals(Li,Na,and K)are promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable alkali metal battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,the actual application of alkali metal anodes is impeded by the challenges of alkali metals,including their high chemical reactivity,uncontrolled dendrite growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase,and infinite volume expansion during cycling processes.Introducing carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodesis an effective solution to these issues.These nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their unique properties,such as their high specific surface area,superior electronic conductivity,and excellent mechanical stability.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,we review recent progress on the application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.The merits and issues of alkali metal anodes,as well as their stabilizing strategies are summarized.Furthermore,the relationships among methods of synthesis,nano-or microstructures,and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotube-based alkali metal anodes are systematically discussed.In addition,advanced characterization technologies on the reaction mechanism of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodes are also reviewed.Finally,the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of carbon nanotube-based AMAs in high-performance alkali metal batteries are discussed.
查看更多>>摘要：Gas-involved electrochemical reactions provide feasible solutions to the worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution.It has been recognized that various elements of the reaction system,including catalysts,intermediates,and products,will undergo real-time variations during the reaction process,which are of significant meaning to the in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms,material structure,and active sites.As judicious tools for real-time monitoring of the changes in these complex elements,in situ techniques have been exposed to the spotlight in recent years.This review aims to highlight significant progress of various advanced in situ characterization techniques,such as in situ X-ray based technologies,in situ spectrum technologies,and in situ scanning probe technologies,that enhance our understanding of heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction,nitrogen reduction reaction,and hydrogen evolution reaction.We provide a summary of recent advances in the development and applications of these in situ characterization techniques,from the working principle and detection modes to detailed applications in different reactions,along with key questions that need to be addressed.Finally,in view of the unique application and limitation of different in situ characterization techniques,we conclude by putting forward some insights and perspectives on the development direction and emerging combinations in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：Electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors are considered ideal rechargeable technologies for next-generation energy storage systems.The key to further commercial applications of electrochemical energy storage devices is the design and investigation of electrode materials with high energy density and significant cycling stability.Recently,amorphous materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their more defects and structure flexibility,opening up a new way for electrochemical energy storage.In this perspective,we summarize the recent research regarding amorphous materials for electrochemical energy storage.This review covers the advantages and features of amorphous materials,the synthesis strategies to prepare amorphous materials,as well as the application and modification of amorphous electrodes in energy storage fields.Finally,the challenges and prospective remarks for future development in amorphous materials for electrochemical energy storage are concluded.
查看更多>>摘要：The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO2 into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO2 into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and storage.The separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO2RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,remarkably.In this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO2RR.CO2RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction pathways.Therefore,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO2 in the electrolyzer.Firstly,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream separations.Also,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO2RR is summarized.Finally,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO2RR.This review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO2RR.
查看更多>>摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to its low cost,intrinsic safety,abundant zinc reserves,and ideal specific capacity.Compared with other cathode materials,manganese dioxide with high voltage,environmental protection,and high theoretical specific capacity receives considerable attention.However,the problems of structural instability,manganese dissolution,and poor electrical conductivity make the exploration of high-performance manganese dioxide still a great challenge and impede its practical applications.Besides,zinc storage mechanisms involved are complex and somewhat controversial.To address these issues,tremendous efforts,such as surface engineering,heteroatoms doping,defect engineering,electrolyte modification,and some advanced characterization technologies,have been devoted to improving its electrochemical performance and illustrating zinc storage mechanism.In this review,we particularly focus on the classification of manganese dioxide based on crystal structures,zinc ions storage mechanisms,the existing challenges,and corresponding optimization strategies as well as structure-performance relationship.In the final section,the application perspectives of manganese oxide cathode materials in AZIBs are prospected.
查看更多>>摘要：The practical application of Lithium-Sulfur batteries largely depends on highly efficient utilization and conversion of sulfur under the realistic condition of high-sulfur content and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio.Rational design of heterostructure electrocatalysts with abundant active sites and strong interfacial electronic interactions is a promising but still challenging strategy for preventing shuttling of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,ultrathin nonlayered NiO/Ni3S2 heterostructure nanosheets are developed through topochemical transformation of layered Ni(OH)2 templates to improve the utilization of sulfur and facilitate stable cycling of batteries.As a multifunction catalyst,NiO/Ni3S2 not only enhances the adsorption of polysulfides and shorten the transport path of Li ions and electrons but also promotes the Li2S formation and transformation,which are verified by both in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical investigations.Thus,the cell with NiO/Ni3S2 as electrocatalyst delivers an area capacity of 4.8 mAh cm-2 under the high sulfur loading(6 mg cm-2)and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio(4.3 pL mg-1).The strategy can be extended to 2D Ni foil,demonstrating its prospects in the construction of electrodes with high gravimetric/volumetric energy densities.The designed electrocatalyst of ultrathin nonlayered heterostructure will shed light on achieving high energy density lithium-sulfur batteries.
查看更多>>摘要：Rechargeable Mg batteries(RMBs)are a promising large-scale energy-storage technology with low cost and high safety,but the performance is limited by the inferior kinetics of Mg-intercalation cathodes.In the present study,an octylamine-supporting interlayer expanded molybdenum diselenide(e-MoSe2)is synthesized and used as cathode for RMBs,in comparison with ordinary crystalline MoSe2.The octylamine molecules introduced show a strong interaction with the MoSe2 layers and increase the layer spacing significantly from 6.46 to 11.5 Å.e-MoSe2 shows a high Mg-storage capacity of 238 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and a superior rate performance of 39 mAh g-1 at 10 A g1,far advantageous over crystalline MoSe2.e-MoSe2 also shows a considerably high structure stability during repeated magnesiation/demagnesiation,providing an outstanding cycling stability for 1000 cycles.Further electrochemical tests demonstrate the high Mg2+diffusion coefficients in e-MoSe2.Theoretical computation indicates the interlayer expansion changes the Mg2+diffusion paths from"hollow site → hollow site"to"hollow site → Se atom site → hollow site",largely decreasing the energy barrier and improving the Mg2+diffusion kinetics.The present work highlights an efficient strategy for the improvement of Mg-storage performance for RMB cathodes.
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