期刊,气候变化研究进展(英文版) 2021年卷1期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

气候变化研究进展(英文版)

国家气候中心

主办单位：国家气候中心

主　　编：秦大河

出版周期：季刊

国际刊号：1674-9278

电子邮箱：accre@cma.gov.cn

电　　话：010-68400096

邮政编码：100081

地　　址：北京市中关村南大街46号国家气候中心

气候变化研究进展(英文版)/Journal Advances in Climate Change ResearchCSCD北大核心SCI

查看更多>>本刊是我国在气候变化研究领域内自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术期刊，其目的是使我国以自然科学和社会科学相结合为特色的气候变化研究在国际上占有一席之地。主要刊登与气候变化相关的跨学科研究进展，包括国内外关于气候变化科学事实、影响及对策研究最新成果。本刊旨在促进气候变化研究的发展，并推动研究成果在经济社会可持续发展、适应和减缓气候变化对策制定、气候政策与环境外交谈判、资源保护和开发等方面的应用。

正式出版

收录年代

Degrading permafrost and its impacts

JIN Hui-JunWU Qing-BaiVladimir E. ROMANOVSKY

1-5页

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Dynamics of freezing/thawing indices and frozen ground from 1900 to 2017 in the upper Brahmaputra River Basin,Tibetan Plateau

LIU LeiLUO Dong-LiangWANG LeiHUANG Ya-Dong...

6-17页

查看更多>>摘要：Dynamics of the frozen ground are key to understand the changes of eco-environment in cold regions,especially for areas with limited field observations.In this study,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of the ground surface freezing and thawing indices from 1900 to 2017 for the upper Brahmaputra River(also called the Yarlung Zangbo River in China)Basin(UBRB),southwestern Tibetan Plateau,with the air freezing and thawing indices using the University of Delaware(UDEL)monthly gridded air temperature dataset.The abrupt change years for air freezing index(AFI)and ground surface freezing index(GFI)were detected in 1999 and 2002,respectively,and for both air thawing index(ATI)and ground surface thawing index(GTI)were 2009.With the air temperature rising at a rate of 0.006℃per year over 1900-2017,the AFI and GFI decreased at a rate of-0.1℃d per year,while the ATI and GTI increased at rates of 0.3 and 0.5℃d per year before the abrupt change year,respectively;all changing trends of freezing/thawing indices increased after the abrupt year,which was-2.9,-0.8,7.3,and 21.7℃d per year for the AFI,GFI,ATI,and GTI,respectively.We utilized the surface frost number model to obtain the dynamics of the frozen ground over the UBRB.When the empirical coefficient of E was assigned to 1.2,the simulated frozen ground occupied about 53.2％of the whole UBRB in the 1990s,which agreed well with the existing permafrost map published in 1996.The area of frozen ground accounts for 51.5％-54.5％of the UBRB during 1900-2017.This result may facilitate further studies of the multi-interactions among the frozen ground and relevant eco-environment,such as the air-ground surface energy exchange,hydrological cycles,and changes of the active layer thickness over the UBRB.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据

Permafrost change in Northeast China in the 1950s-2010s

ZHANG Zhong-QiongWU Qing-BaiHOU Mei-TingTAI Bo-Wen...

18-28页

查看更多>>摘要：Permafrost in Northeast China is highly sensitive to climate warming.Permafrost degradation significantly affects forest and vegetation ecosystems,as well as the safety of engineering projects and other man-made infrastructures.However,the permafrost change in the region is still unclear.This study uses metrological data from 258 weather stations,alongside reanalysis data,and other environmental data to investigate permafrost degradation and its related environmental impacts in Northeast China from the 1950s to 2010s.Results show that the total permafrost area decreased from 4.8×105 to 3.1×105 km2 from the 1950s to the 2010s.The southern limit of permafrost moved 0.1-1.1° northward,and its average elevation rose 160.5 m.During the study period,the degradation of predominantly continuous permafrost,and discontinuous and island permafrost was more pronounced than that of sparsely island permafrost.The south boundary of those three permafrost zones northward by 0-3.4°,0-5.5° and 0.4-1.1°,the average altitude raised by 339.2 m,208.3 m,67.1 m.The permafrost degradation shows the elevation and latitude zonality.Permafrost degradation is mainly caused by the rising of surface temperatures and the impacts of other environmental factors.The snowfall warming the ground of 1.1-10.2℃in cold seasons and rainfall cooling on surface conditions in warm seasons,those may result in temporal and spatial differences in permafrost degradation.However,there are lack of researches in the impact of environment factors on soil temperatures,moisture and permafrost degradation.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Impacts of climate-induced permafrost degradation on vegetation:A review

JIN Xiao-YingJIN Hui-JunGo IWAHANASergey S.MARCHENKO...

29-47页

查看更多>>摘要：Under a warming climate,degrading permafrost profoundly and extensively affects arctic and alpine ecology.However,most existing relevant studies are more focused on the hydrothermal impacts of vegetation on the underlying permafrost,or symbiosis between vegetation and permafrost,only very few on ecological impacts of permafrost degradation.Additionally,there are much more pertinent investigations in arctic and boreal regions than those in alpine and high-plateau regions at mid-and low latitudes.This study emphasizes on the impact mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation both at high and mid-to low latitudes,addressing vegetation succession trajectories and associated changes in soil hydrology and soil nutrient above degrading permafrost.Permafrost degradation influences vegetation by altering soil hydrology,soil biogeochemical processes and microbial communities,which further improve soil nutrient availability.Furthermore,under a warming climate,vegetation may take two successional trajectories,towards a wetter or drier ecosystem within a certain time period,but to a drier ecosystem in the end upon the thaw of permafrost in case of permeable soils and good drainage.Thus,with rapidly developing remote-sensing and other space-and ground-based and air-borne observational networks and numerical predictive models,the impacting mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation should be timely and better monitored,evaluated and modeled at desired spatiotemporal scales and resolutions by terrestrial or integrated ecosystem models.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Influences of forest fires on the permafrost environment:A review

LI Xiao-YingJIN Hui-JunWANG Hong-WeiSergey S.MARCHENKO...

48-65页

查看更多>>摘要：In boreal and arctic regions,forest fires exert great influences on biogeochemical processes,hydrothermal dynamics of the active layer and near-surface permafrost,and subsequent nutrient cycles.In this article,the studies on impacts of forest fires on the permafrost environment are reviewed.These studies indicate that forest fires could result in an irreversible degradation of permafrost,successions of boreal forests,rapid losses of soil carbon stock,and increased hazardous periglacial landforms.After forest fires,soil temperatures rise;active layer thickens;the release of soil carbon and nitrogen enhances,and;vegetation changes from coniferous forests to broad-leaved forests,shrublands or grasslands.It may take decades or even centuries for the fire-disturbed ecosystems and permafrost environment to return to pre-fire conditions,if ever possible.In boreal forest,the thickness of organic layer has a key influence on changes in permafrost and vegetation.In addition,climate warming,change of vegetation,shortening of fire return intervals,and extent of fire range and increasing of fire severity may all modify the change trajectory of the fire-impacted permafrost environment.However,the observations and research on the relationships and interactive mechanisms among the forest fires,vegetation,carbon cycle and permafrost under a changing climate are still inadequate for a systematic impact evaluation.Using the chronosequence approach of evaluating the temporal changes by measuring changes in the permafrost environment at different stages at various sites(possibly representing varied stages of permafrost degradation and modes),multi-source data assimilation and model predictions and simulations should be integrated with the results from long-and short-term field investigations,geophysical investigations and airborne surveys,laboratory testing and remote sensing.Future studies may enable quantitatively assess and predict the feed-back rela-tionship and influence mechanism among organic layer,permafrost and active layer processes,vegetation and soil carbon under a warming climate at desired spatial and temporal scales.The irreversible changes in the boreal and artic forest ecosystem and their ecological and hy-drothermal thresholds,such as those induced by forest fires,should be better and systematically studied.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据

Strengthening effect of crushed rock revetment and thermosyphons in a traditional embankment in permafrost regions under warming climate

MEI Qi-HangCHEN JiWANG Jin-ChangHOU Xin...

66-75页

查看更多>>摘要：The embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR)has been experiencing severe problems due to permafrost degradation,especially in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions.Based on ground temperature and deformation data of the embankment at location K1497+150 of the QTR in 2006-2018,the thermal regime and deformation process were analysed.The results showed that 1)the degradation rate of permafrost under the embankment was faster than that under the natural site without engineering construction,and 2)the deformation rate of the embankment had exceeded the safety range for the QTR embankment before adopting mitigative measures.In addition,this study evaluated the cooling effect on the underlying permafrost and working mechanism of two strengthening measures.Two measures,crushed rock revetment(CRR)and thermosyphons,were adopted to protect the underlying permafrost from continual degradation.The individual cooling effect of the CRR was not as good as that of the thermosyphons.However,the combination of the two could enhance the protective effects of each on the underlying permafrost,effectively cooling the permafrost and improving the stability of the embankment.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Thermal effect of thermokarst lake on the permafrost under embankment

PENG Er-XingSHENG YuHU Xiao-YingWU Ji-Chun...

76-82页

查看更多>>摘要：In permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,road disaster caused by permafrost degradation cannot be ignored.As a common thermal disaster in permafrost regions,thermokarst lake has serious thermal erosion on permafrost and results in permafrost degradation aggravating.This study focused on two subgrade cross-sections of Gonghe-Yushu Highway in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to analyze thermal effect of thermokarst lake on the permafrost under embankment.The analysis infers that thermokarst lake can transfer heat to permafrost under the embankment,as a heat resource,and the heat flux decreases with the distance away from thermokarst lake in horizontal and vertical direction.Thermokarst lake can cause average ground temperature of permafrost under the embankment increasing,and with less distance from the thermokarst lake the temperature increases more severely.Thermokarst lake results in 14 m thickness melting interlayer in soil under lake and change shape of melting area.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Testing and modeling of frozen clay-concrete interface behavior based on large-scale shear tests

HE Peng-FeiMU Yan-HuMA WeiHUANG Yong-Ting...

83-94页

查看更多>>摘要：The shear behavior of the frozen soil-structure interface is important for accurately predicting the interface responses of structures adopted in the cold regions.The purpose of this study is to experimentally and theoretically investigate the shear behavior of frozen clay-concrete interface under engineering conditions.A large-scale direct shear apparatus with a temperature-controlled shear box is used to test the inter-face behavior.Test specimens consisting of a cement concrete block and frozen soil with initial water content ranging between 14.6％and 24.6％were prepared at different conditions of temperatures(15.4 to-9.8℃),shear rates(0.03-0.9 mm min-1),and normal stresses(50-200 kPa).It is found that the peak shear strength is linear developing with increasing of normal stress,initial water content,and temperature.It increased from 67.7 to 133.3 kPa as the initial water content increased from 14.9％to 24.6％at temperature of-6.8 to-6.6℃,and it increased from 51.2 to 80.6 kPa with temperature decreasing from 15.4 to-9.8℃at initial water content of 14.6％-14.9％,furthermore it has a power law relationship with shear rate.The final vertical displacement increases with the decreasing temperature,and increasing initial water content.While,it is slight or could be ignored at lower shear rates(e.g.0.03 mm min-1 and 0.15 mm min-1)and it is-0.25 mm and-0.28 mm at shear rate of 0.3 mm min-1 and 0.9 mm min-1,respectively.In addition,the evolution of vertical displacement also varies with test condition,the growth rate at beginning increases with increasing initial water content and decreasing temperature or ice content,which is because of the ice film effects the particle size.Moreover,a disturbed state concept model combined with linear and nonlinear characteristics is developed to describe the interface shear behavior.The disturbance D reflects the interface mechanical response and responds differently trend for different test conditions,increasing faster with increasing temperature and decreasing initial water content or shear rate.The testing results,including the test and model results,can be used to simulate the performance of engineered geotechnical assets such as earth dams or irrigation channels with concrete linings in cold regions.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Impacts of landscape and climatic factors on snow cover in the Altai Mountains,China

ZHONG Xin-YueZHANG TingjunSU HangXIAO Xiong-Xin...

95-107页

查看更多>>摘要：Snow properties and their changes are crucial to better understanding of hydrological processes,soil thermal regimes,and surface energy balances.Reliable data and information on snow depth and snow water equivalent(SWE)are also crucial for water resource assessments and socio-economic development at local and regional scales.However,these data are extremely limited and unreliable in northern Xinjiang,China.This study thus aims to investigate spatial variations of snow depth,SWE,and snow density based on winter snowfield surveys during 2015 through 2017 in the Altai Mountains,northwestern China.The results indicated that snow depth(25-114 cm)and SWE(40-290 mm)were greater in the alpine Kanas-Hemu region,and shallow snow accumulated(9-42 cm for snow depth,26-106 mm for SWE)on the piedmont sloping plain.While there was no remarkable regional difference in the distribution of snow density.Snow property distributions were strongly controlled by topography and vegetation.Elevation and latitude were the most important factors affecting snow depth and SWE,while snow density was strongly affected by longitude across the Altai Mountains in China.The influence of topography on snow property distributions was spatially heterogenous.Mean snow depth increased from 13.7 to 31.2 cm and SWE from 28.5 to 79.9 mm,respectively,with elevation increased from 400 to 1000 m a.s.l.on the piedmont sloping plain.Snow depth decreased to about 15.1 cm and SWE to about 28.5 mm from 1000 to 1800 m a.s.l.,then again increased to about 98.1 cm and 271.7 mm on peaks(～2000 m a.s.l.)in the alpine Kanas-Hemu.Leeward slopes were easier to accumulate snow cover,especially on north-,east-,and southeast-facing slopes.Canopy interception was also the cause of the difference in snow distribution.Snow depth,SWE,and snow density in forests were reduced by 8％-53％,2％-67％and-4％to+48％,respectively,compared with surrounding open areas.Especially when snow depth was less than 40 cm,snow depth and SWE differences in forests were more exag-gerated.This study provides a basic data set of spatial distributions and variations of snow depth,SWE and snow density in the Altai Mountains,which can be used as an input parameter in climate or hydrological models.These first-hand observations will help to better understand the relationship between snow,topography and climate in mountainous regions across northern China and other high-mountain Asian regions.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普

Exploration of the environmental and socioeconomic implications of HCFC-22 phase-out for Botswana

Bongayi KUDOMAMemory TEKERE

108-118页

查看更多>>摘要：Climate change and ozone depletion are topics challenging the world over and are both attributed mainly to human activities,particularly emissions of ozone depleting substances.One such substance is chlorodifluoromethane(HCFC-22),a cheap,widely used refrigerant with a high global warming potential and a chemical target for phase-out under the Montreal protocol.Botswana like all signatory countries to the Montreal Protocol is required to develop and implement a country-level Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Phase-out Management Plan(HPMP).This study focused on evaluating the environmental and socioeconomic implications of phasing out HCFC-22 in Botswana.A census of nine HCFC-22-importing companies was conducted and probability sampling proportional to company size was used to select a sample of 159 respondents from the Department of Meteorological Services,Customs officers and HCFC-22 Industrial consumers.Annual HCFC-22 importation figures for Botswana in 2009-2017 from the National Ozone Unit were analysed.It emerged that HCFC-22 phase-out had reduced HCFC-22 consumption by approximately 510,400 kg in 2011-2017,translating to 28,072 ozone depleting potential(ODP)saved.Also,the HCFC-22 phase-out plan saved the country 128 kW h of electricity for 2009-2017.While decreasing demand for HCFC-22,the HPMP had correspondingly occasioned the higher replacement and servicing costs of HCFC-22-compliant equipment,as HCFC-22 substitutes cost more.To deter use of HCFC-22 and promote phase-out,the price of substitute refrigerants can be made less expensive than HCFC-22.Participating stakeholders attest that HCFC-22 phase-out has positive social benefits such as raising community awareness of the ozone depleting phase-out.As a recommendation,the government of Botswana could offer a number of incentives towards HCFC-22 substitutes uptake in order to give impetus to technology transfer.

原文链接:

国家科技期刊平台
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普