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区块链研究（英文）
区块链研究（英文）
区块链研究（英文）/Journal Blockchain: Research and Applications
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收录年代

    Security and privacy of blockchain

    Meng ShenGaopeng GouQi Xuan
    1页
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    WTEYE:On-chain wash trade detection and quantification for ERC20 cryptocurrencies

    Wei CuiCunnian Gao
    2-10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wash trade is a common form of volume manipulation used to attract investors into the market and mislead them into making wrong investment judgments.Wash trade transactions are even more prominent in ERC20 crypto-currencies.In this paper,we proposed two kinds of algorithms to reserve direct evidence of wash trade based on the on-chain transaction data of ERC20 cryptocurrencies.After labeling the wash trade,we continued to obtain features of the wash trade and quantify the volume of the wash trade.Our experiments show that for most ERC20 cryptocurrencies,the rate of wash trade reached over 15％.Specifically,over 30％of UNI token transactions were labeled as wash trade.It is demonstrated that the activations of most ERC20 cryptocurrencies are unreal,and restoring real data is necessary for market regulation.
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    • NSTL
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    Robust clustering of Ethereum transactions using time leakage from fixed nodes

    Congcong YuChen YangZheng CheLiehuang Zhu...
    11-20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ethereum has received increasing attention as the first blockchain platform to support smart contracts.Data mining has become an important tool for analyzing Ethereum transactions.However,existing methods have the disadvantage of covering partial transactions and being vulnerable to privacy-enhancing techniques.In this paper,we propose a scheme for transaction correlation with the node as an entity,which can cover all transactions while being resistant to privacy-enhancing techniques.Utilizing timestamps relayed from N fixed nodes to describe the network properties of transactions,we cluster transactions that enter the network from the same source node.Experimental results show that our method can determine with 97％precision whether two transactions enter the network from the same source node.
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    • NETL
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    Measuring node decentralisation in blockchain peer to peer networks

    Andrew HowellTakfarinas SaberMalika Bendechache
    21-31页
    查看更多>>摘要：New blockchain platforms are launching at a high cadence,each fighting for attention,adoption,and infra-structure resources.Several studies have measured the peer-to-peer(P2P)network decentralisation of Bitcoin and Ethereum(i.e.,two of the largest used platforms).However,with the increasing demand for blockchain infra-structure,it is important to study node decentralisation across multiple blockchain networks,especially those containing a small number of nodes.In this paper,we propose NodeMaps,a data processing framework to capture,analyse,and visualise data from several popular P2P blockchain platforms,such as Cosmos,Stellar,Bitcoin,and Lightning Network.We compare and contrast the geographic distribution,the hosting provider di-versity,and the software client variance in each of these platforms.Through our comparative analysis of node data,we found that Bitcoin and its Lightning Network Layer 2 protocol are widely decentralised P2P blockchain platforms,with the largest geographical reach and a high proportion of nodes operating on The Onion Router(TOR)privacy-focused network.Cosmos and Stellar blockchains have reduced node participation,with nodes predominantly operating in large cloud providers or well-known data centres.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    RecGuard:An efficient privacy preservation blockchain-based system for online social network users

    Samuel Akwasi FrimpongMu HanEdward Kwadwo BoahenRexford Nii Ayitey Sosu...
    32-43页
    查看更多>>摘要：Recommendation systems provide ease and convenience for users to address information overload problems while interacting with online platforms such as social media and e-commerce.However,it raises several questions about privacy,especially for users who prefer to remain anonymous,especially on online social networks(OSNs).Moreover,due to the commercialization of online users'data,some service providers sell users'data to third parties at the blind side of the users,which leads to trust issues between users and service providers.Such matters call for a system that gives online users much-needed control and autonomy of their data.With the advancement of blockchain technology,many research institutions are experimenting with decentralized technologies to resolve the OSN user dilemma of privacy intrusion against third parties and hacks.To resolve these limitations,we propose RecGuard,a privacy preservation blockchain-based network system.We developed two smart contracts,RG-SH and RG-ST,to ensure the security and privacy of user data.The RG-SH manages user data,whereas the RG-ST stores data.A graph convolutional network(GCN)was integrated with the blockchain-based system to detect malicious nodes.Finally,we implemented our framework prototype on a locally simulated network.The analysis and experiment results show that the proposed scheme demonstrates the effectiveness and privacy of users in our framework.
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    Comparative analysis of permissioned blockchain frameworks for industrial applications

    Vittorio CapocasaleDanilo GottaGuido Perboli
    44-56页
    查看更多>>摘要：Blockchain is a technology that creates trust among non-trusting parties without relying on any intermediaries.Consequently,it has attracted the interest of companies operating in a multitude of sectors.However,due to the number of different blockchain solutions that have emerged in the last few years and their rapid changes,it is challenging for such companies to orient their technological decisions.This paper presents a comparative analysis of the key dimensions—namely,governance,maturity,support,latency,privacy,interoperability,flexibility,ef-ficiency,resiliency,and scalability—of some of the most-used permissioned blockchain platforms.Moreover,we present the results of a performance evaluation considering the following frameworks:Hyperledger Fabric 2.2,Hyperledger Sawtooth 1.2,and ConsenSys Quorum 21.1(with both the GoQuorum client and the Hyperledger Besu client).The platforms were tested under similar conditions,and official releases were used,such that our findings provide a reference for companies establishing their technological orientation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    The implications of blockchain-coordinated information sharing within a supply chain:A simulation study

    Aaliya SarfarazRipon K.ChakraborttyDaryl L.Essam
    57-71页
    查看更多>>摘要：The profitability of a supply chain(SC)is proportional to the stability of all its stakeholders as well as their consistent information sharing with an effective and efficient communication mechanism.Various inefficiencies,such as the bullwhip effect(BWE)and product unavailability,may be caused by a lack of coordination in an SC.The importance of sharing consumer demand has been quantified by comprehensive studies under the assumption that all SC participants will access the same information.However,only a few studies have studied the effect of minimal coordination or limited visibility of information while considering their effect on the overall efficiency of an SC.This work primarily leverages blockchain technology(BCT)to create a simulation model.To do this,an SC BWE-based model is initially developed.Following that,a blockchain-based robust information sharing system is simulated.Furthermore,information sharing is challenging,and SC stakeholders may not really trust each other and hence be reluctant to share sensitive information.Considering that,this paper propose an improved proof-of-authority(PoA)consensus algorithm that will increase trust in a decentralized SC model.Multiple experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach,and the simulation results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of information sharing in a supply chain via blockchain,as well as that trust between partners tends to increase overall SC efficiency and reduce BWE.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    Databases fit for blockchain technology:A complete overview

    Jovan KalajdjieskiMayank RaikwarNino ArsovGoran Velinov...
    72-89页
    查看更多>>摘要：Efficient data storage and query processing systems play a vital role in many different research areas.Blockchain technology and distributed ledgers attract massive attention and trigger multiple projects in various industries.Nevertheless,blockchain still lacks the features of a Database Management System(DBMS or simply databases),such as high throughput,low latency,and high capacity.For that purpose,there have been many proposed ap-proaches for handling data storage and query processing solutions in the blockchain.This paper presents a complete overview of many different DBMS types and how these systems can be used to implement,enhance,and further improve blockchain technology.More concretely,we give an overview of 10 transactional,an extensive overview of 14 analytical,9 hybrids,i.e.,translytical,and 13 blockchain DBMSs.We explain how database technology has influenced the development of blockchain technology by unlocking different features,such as Atomicity,Consistency,Isolation,and Durability(ACID),transaction consistency,rich queries,real-time analysis,and low latency.Using a relaxation approach analogous to the one used to prove the Consistency,Availability,Partition tolerance(CAP)-theorem,we postulate a"Decentralization,Consistency,and Scalability(DCS)-satisfi-ability conjecture"and give concrete strategies for achieving the relaxed DCS conditions.We also provide an overview of the different DBMSs,emphasizing their architecture,storage manager,query processing,and implementation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    Blockchain state channels with compact states through the use of RSA accumulators

    Lydia NegkaAngeliki KatsikaGeorgios SpathoulasVassilis Plagianakos...
    90-108页
    查看更多>>摘要：One of the major concerns regarding currently proposed public blockchain systems relates to the feasible trans-action processing rate.It is common for such systems to limit this rate to maintain the required levels of security and decentralisation.State channels are an approach to overcome this limitation,as they aim to decrease the required on-chain transactions for a given application and thus indirectly increase the capacity(in terms of ap-plications)of public blockchain systems.In the present paper,we propose a state channel design that,through the use of RSA accumulators,operates on a compact state structure.This scheme is optimal for applications whose state includes large sets of elements.The novel state channel design is presented by analysing all state channel operations and how they have to be revised.The security of the design is discussed,while a practical use case scenario regarding the use of the design for an on-chain asset(e.g.,non-fungible tokens)exchange application is also analysed.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    TABS:Transforming automatically BPMN models into blockchain smart contracts

    Peter BodorikChristian Gang LiuDawn Jutla
    109-134页
    查看更多>>摘要：Research on blockchains addresses multiple issues,with one being the automated creation of smart contracts.Developing smart contract methods is more difficult than mainstream software development as the underlying blockchain infrastructure poses additional complexity.We report on a new approach to developing smart con-tracts with the objective of automating the process to increase developer efficiency and reduce the risk of errors introduced by software developers.To support industry adoption,we use Business Process Model and Notation(BPMN)modeling to describe an application while targeting applications in the trade vertical.We describe a system that transforms a BPMN model into a multi-modal model that combines Discrete Event(DE)modeling for concurrency with Hierarchical State Machines(HSMs)to represent application functionality.Then,further transformations are used to transform the DE-HSM model into methods in smart contracts.The system lets the modeler decide which of the independent patterns should be transformed into methods of a separate smart contract that is deployed on a sidechain for the purpose of(ⅰ)reducing processing costs and/or(ⅱ)providing privacy so that other participants in the smart contract do not have visibility into the processing of the pattern.We also briefly describe a proof-of-concept tool we built to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据