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气象学报（英文版）
中国气象学会
气象学报（英文版）

中国气象学会

丁一汇

双月刊

0894-0525

cmsams@163.com

010-68407634

100081

北京中关村南大街46号

气象学报（英文版）/Journal Acta Meteorologica SinicaCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>中国气象学会的官方刊物《气象学报》于1925年7月创刊。英文版于1987年9月创刊，1988年至2008年出版季刊，2009年改为双月刊。
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    Westward Migration of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific during 1982-2020:Features and Possible Causes

    Jian ZHONGHuadong DUYuqin WUYuehua PENG...
    1-9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The westward migration of tropical cyclone(TC)activity has been identified in the western North Pacific(WNP),but the related features and causes remain elusive.Here,based on the best track data from China,Japan,and the US,and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data in 1982-2020,we investigate characteristics of the westward migration of the WNP TC activity with various metrics,and reveal possible causes for the migration of TC tracks through analyzing its seasonality and dependence on environmental conditions.The results show that the WNP TCs show significant westward migrations in a number of metrics,including location of tracks,genesis,the first track point at which TC reaches its lifetime-maximum intensity,and the last track point in the TC lifetime.It is found that TC tracks exhibit more significant westward migrations in the easterly steering flow than in the westerly steering flow.Meanwhile,the TC longitude shift shows notable seasonal variations,for which the TCs in the easterlies move further west than those in the westerlies during July-September,vice versa during October-December.The dependence of the westward mi-gration of TC tracks on background steering flow is associated with the different environmental conditions.The west-ward shift in the westerly steering is mainly due to the reduced vertical wind shear(VWS),while the weakened zonal easterly steering and reduced VWS are both closely related to the westward migration in the easterly steering.These results have important implications for understanding current and future variations in TC longitude shift.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据

    Combinatorial Optimization of Physics Parameterization Schemes for Typhoon Simulation Based on a Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA)

    Zebin LUJianjun XUZhiqiang CHENJinyi YANG...
    10-26页
    查看更多>>摘要：Each physical process in a numerical weather prediction(NWP)system may have many different parameterization schemes.Early studies have shown that the performance of different physical parameterization schemes varies with the weather situation to be simulated.Thus,it is necessary to select a suitable combination of physical parameteriza-tion schemes according to the variation of weather systems.However,it is rather difficult to identify an optimal com-bination among millions of possible parameterization scheme combinations.This study applied a simple genetic al-gorithm(SGA)to optimizing the combination of parameterization schemes in NWP models for typhoon forecasting.The feasibility of SGA was verified with the simulation of Typhoon Mujigae(2015)by using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model and Typhoon Higos(2020)by using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sedi-ment Transport(COAWST)modeling system.The results show that SGA can efficiently obtain the optimal combina-tion of schemes.For Typhoon Mujigae(2015),the optimal combination can be found from the 1,304,576 possible combinations by running only 488 trials.Similar results can be obtained for Typhoon Higos(2020).Compared to the default combination proposed by the COAWST model system,the optimal combination scheme significantly im-proves the simulation of typhoon track and intensity.This study provides a feasible way to search for the optimal combinations of physical parameterization schemes in WRF and COAWST for more accurate typhoon simulation.This can help provide references for future development of NWP models,and for analyzing the coordination and ad-aptability of different physical process parameterization schemes under specific weather backgrounds.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Influences of Graupel Microphysics on CMA-GFS Simulation of Summer Regional Precipitation

    Zhe LIQijun LIUZhanshan MA
    27-38页
    查看更多>>摘要：The horizontal resolution of global numerical weather prediction models is continuously developing.However,due to the imperfect precipitation simulation/forecast of these models,the demand for considering riming particles in cloud microphysical schemes in these models is increasing.This study employed the latest versions of global atmo-spheric reanalysis data(ERA5),the satellite retrieval data of the Global Precipitation Observation Program(GPM),and station precipitation observations to explore the impacts of adding graupel to the cloud microphysical scheme in the China Meteorological Administration-Global Forecast System(CMA-GFS)on summer regional precipitation simulations in four Chinese climate zones.The results verify that the new graupel scheme can enable CMA-GFS to decently predict global graupel distribution,especially in tropical and midlatitude regions.The addition of graupel in the cloud microphysics increases the precipitation simulation in North China,while that in Southwest China is weakened and dispersed.Moreover,graupel scheme increases the precipitation simulations of almost all magnitudes.The increase in light rain is obvious,and the absolute value of heavy rain is strengthened.This may be because graupel quickly melts into rain after falling out of the zero-temperature layer due to its large mass and fast falling speed,increasing surface precipitation.In summary,the addition of graupel in the cloud microphysical scheme can improve CMA-GFS's underestimation of strong precipitation.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Relationship between the Stratospheric Arctic Vortex and Surface Air Temperature in the Midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

    Xue RANDingzhu HUYang ZHANGMei-Chen LIU...
    39-52页
    查看更多>>摘要：It is known that different relationships exist between the strength and displacement of the stratospheric polar vor-tex(SPV),and the surface air temperature(SAT)patterns in Eurasia and North America,but the mechanisms behind these relationships remain unclear,especially on an interannual timescale.Based on empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis using NCEP reanalysis data over 1958-2018,this study attempts to ascertain the relationship between the SPV intensity and displacement over the Arctic and the SATs in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.Our results indicate that a strengthened SPV corresponds to an SAT increase in Eurasia and a decrease in eastern North America and Greenland.When the SPV is shifted towards Eurasia,however,a corresponding SAT increase oc-curs in both North America and Eurasia,with a larger increase in North America than in Eurasia.Specifically,a strengthened SPV tends to correspond to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation-like circulation in the troposphere with negative geopotential height(GH)anomalies in Greenland and eastern North American continent and positive GH anomalies to the north of 45°N in Eurasia,which corresponds to lower SATs in North America than in Eurasia.However,when the SPV shifted towards Eurasia,it was accompanied by a positive Pacific/North American-like pat-tern with a deepened Aleutian low,which corresponds to the increasing SATs in North America.These tropospheric circulation changes are related to the response of tropospheric planetary wave activity to the SPV.A strengthened SPV corresponds to the weakening of tropospheric planetary wave-1 waves,which is accompanied by a negative GH in North America but a positive GH in Eurasia.If the SPV shifted towards Eurasia,the tropospheric planetary wave-1(-2)waves strengthened(weakened),and the combined effects of the planetary wave-1 and wave-2 waves would cause positive GH anomalies in both Eurasia and North America.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Why Are Arctic Sea Ice Concentration in September and Its Interannual Variability Well Predicted over the Barents-East Siberian Seas by CFSv2?

    Yifan XIEKe FANHongqing YANG
    53-68页
    查看更多>>摘要：To further understand the prediction skill for the interannual variability of the sea ice concentration(SIC)in specific regions of the Arctic,this paper evaluates the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2(CFSv2),in predicting the autumn SIC and its interannual variability over the Barents-East Siberian Seas(BES).It is found that CFSv2 presents much better prediction skill for the September SIC over BES than the Arctic as a whole at 1-6-month leads,and high prediction skill for the interannual variability of the SIC over BES is displayed at 1-2-month leads after removing the linear trend.CFSv2 can reasonably reproduce the relationship between the SIC over BES in September and such factors as the surface air temperature(SAT),200-hPa geopotential height,sea surface temperature(SST),and North Atlantic Oscillation.In addition,it is found that the prescribed SIC initial condition in August as an input to CFSv2 is also essential.Therefore,the above atmospheric and oceanic factors,as well as an accurate initial condition of SIC,all contribute to a high prediction skill for SIC over BES in September.Based on a statistical prediction method,the contributions from individual predictability sources are further identified.The high prediction skill of CFSv2 for the interannual variability of SIC over BES is largely attributable to its accurate predictions of the SAT and SST,as well as a better initial condition of SIC.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据

    Accurate Shortwave Radiation Simulation with a Two-Layer Aerosol Model in Xinjiang Region

    Guan HUANGYonghang CHENQiong LIUPengtao WANG...
    69-87页
    查看更多>>摘要：To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the is-sue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and us-ing the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aero-sol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spati-otemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSRSBD under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017-2019 was 606.78 W m-2,while DSSR from CERES(DSSRcER)under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m-2).(5)It is found that satellite remote sens-ing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Evaluation and Projection of Extreme High Temperature Indices in Southwestern China Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

    Fen ZHANGLinxiao WEIYonghua LIHongyu TANG...
    88-107页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on the recently released NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP)Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)dataset and the gridded observational daily dataset CN05.1,this study evaluates the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating extreme high temperature(EHT)in-dices in southwestern China and estimates future changes in the EHT indices under the Shared Socioeconomic Path-ways(SSPs)SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 using 11 optimal CMIP6 models.Five EHT indices are employed:annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature(TXX),high temperature days(T35),warm days(TX90P),heat wave frequency(HWF),and heat wave days(HWD).The main results are as follows.(1)NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is highly capable of simulating the spatial patterns of TXX and T35 in southwestern China but it presents a weaker abil-ity to simulate the spatial patterns of TX90P,HWF,and HWD.(2)The simulated time series of T35,TX90P,HWF,and HWD in southwestern China exhibit consistent upward trends with the observations.The linear trends of in-crease in TX90P and HWD are much greater than those of increase in TXX,T35,and HWF.(3)The estimated in-creases in TXX and T35 in southwestern China are significantly greater in Chongqing and the adjacent areas of Sichuan than in the other regions.Spatial distributions of the increases in TX90P,HWF,and HWD generally show higher values in the west and lower values in the east.(4)In the three different scenarios,the projected future TXX,T35,TX90P,and HWD in southwestern China all display a continuous increase with time and radiative forcing levels,whereas HWF initially increases but then decreases under the SSP5-8.5 scenario.By the end of the 21st cen-tury,under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,TXX and T35 are projected to increase by 6.0℃ and 45.0 days,respectively.The duration of individual heat waves is also expected to increase.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Impacts of Roof/Ground Mitigation Strategies on Improving the Urban Thermal Environment and Human Comfort over the Yangtze River Delta,China

    Hongyun MAMi ZHANGHaishan CHENYan WANG...
    108-125页
    查看更多>>摘要：The combined effects of global warming and the urban heat islands exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress.It is crucial to implement effective cooling measures in urban areas to improve the comfort of the thermal environment.In this study,the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF),coupled with a single-layer Urban Canopy Model(UCM),was used to study the impact of heat mitigation strategies.In addition,a 5-km resolution land-cover dataset for China(ChinaLC),which is based on satellite remote sensing data,was adjusted and used,and 18 groups of nu-merical experiments were designed,to increase the albedo and vegetation fraction of roof/ground parameters.The ex-periments were conducted for four heatwave events that occurred in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China.The simulated results demonstrated that,for the single roof/ground schemes,the mit-igation effects were directly proportional to the albedo and greening.Among all the experimental schemes,the super-posed schemes presented better cooling effects.For the ground greening scheme,with similar net radiation flux and latent heat flux,its storage heat was lower than that of the roof greening scheme,resulting in more energy flux into the atmosphere,and its daytime cooling effect was not as good as that of the roof greening scheme.In terms of hu-man thermal comfort(HTC),the improvement achieved by the ground greening scheme was better than any other single roof/ground schemes,because the increase in the relative humidity was small.The comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effects of different schemes on the thermal environment presented in this paper provides a theoreti-cal basis for improving the urban environment through rational urban planning and construction.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据

    Impact of Local Climate Zones on the Urban Heat and Dry Islands in Beijing:Spatial Heterogeneity and Relative Contributions

    Zuofang ZHENGFu LUONana LIHua GAO...
    126-137页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on the building height and density data on a 100-m resolution,hourly 2-m temperature and humidity data at 83 automatic weather stations,and gridded local climate zone(LCZ)data on a 120-m resolution in urban Beijing in 2020,this study first employs the semivariogram combined with building parameters to calculate spatial correlations and has identified an LCZ grid resolution of 500 m suitable for best usage of the available observation data.Then,how the spatially heterogeneous LCZs affect and contribute to the canopy urban heat island intensity(UHII)and urban dry island intensity(UDII)are quantitatively investigated.It is found that UHII is high in winter and low in summer with a unimodal diurnal variation while UDI is low in winter but high in summer with a bimodal diurnal variation.The LCZ with compact mid-rise(open high-rise)buildings exhibits the highest UHII(UDII),followed by the com-pact high-rise(compact low-rise),while the LCZ of scattered trees presents both the lowest UHII and the lowest UDII.The most significant difference in the UHII(UDII)among the nine LCZ types in the urban area of Beijing is 2.62℃(1.1 g kg-1).Area-weighted averaging analysis reveals that the open mid-rise LCZ is the most significant con-tributor to the UHII(UDII),immediately followed by compact mid-rise(open low-rise),with the least contribution from bare rock or paved(scattered trees).The results also indicate that beyond the intrinsic physical properties of the LCZs of a city,their area proportions cannot be overlooked in evaluating their impact on the UHI and UDI.These quantitatively findings could help urban planners to create a livable urban climate and environment by adjusting the relevant land use.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Impact of the Complex Terrain in Beijing on Formation of Low-Level Jets

    Li'ao ZHOUChenggang WANGShiguang MIAOJu LI...
    138-150页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study investigated how the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains affect low-level jets(LLJs)in the Beijing area,based on conventional radiosonde observations from Nanjiao Observatory(2016-2017)and high-resol-ution Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF(WRF-ARW)model simulations.Analysis of ra-diosonde observations indicated that LLJs in the study area are mainly from the southwest and northwest directions,with occurrence frequency of 44.6％and 33.0％,respectively.Southwest(northwest)LLJs are aligned parallel(per-pendicular)to the orientation of the Taihang Mountain Range.Terrain sensitivity experiments using the WRF-ARW model were then conducted to examine the effects of terrain forcing on the northwest and southwest LLJs,with adop-ted terrain heights of 100％and 50％.The results showed that for northwest LLJs,reduction in the elevation of the Taihang Mountain Range led to weakening of jet intensity by approximately 20％and reduction in jet maximum height by approximately 250 m;lowering the Yanshan Mountain Range had minor influence on the northwest LLJs,with only a 5.2％reduction in intensity and no substantial change in jet maximum height.For southwest LLJs,reduc-tion in the elevation of both the Taihang and Yanshan Mountain ranges resulted in minor changes in the intensity and height of the jets.Further analysis revealed that the topography in the Beijing area could modulate the height and in-tensity of the stable layer by altering the inversion structure within the boundary layer.The LLJs can develop rapidly within the stable layer,and both the location and the scale of the jet core exhibited reasonable agreement with the ex-tent of the stable layer.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普