查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:White spots,mainly consisting of tyrosine,refer to small white particles that exist on the surface of mature Chinese fermented soybean curd or in the fermentation broth and have affected the appearance of Chinese fermented soybean curd.Materials and Methods:The study determined the composition of the white spots throughout mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography and investigated the relationship between tyrosine content,amino acid nitrogen content,depth of the proteolysis index and protease activity to interpret the mechanism of white spot formation during fermentation.Results:In this study,the results confirm that tyrosine accounts for 78.22％of the white spots.Excessive tyrosine content can promote the formation of white spots during fermentation.Free tyrosine content,amino acid nitrogen content,depth of the proteolysis index and protease activity during the fermentation process increased during fermentation.Correlation analysis results show that free tyrosine content was posi-tively correlated with amino acid nitrogen content,depth of the proteolysis index and protease activity,which showed that the production of tyrosine is related to the degree of proteolysis.Solubility studies show that high concentrations of NaCl and ethanol affect the production of tyrosine and reduce its solubility,while the increase in temperature increases the solubility of tyrosine.Taking NaCl,ethanol and temperature as influencing factors,a mathematical model of tyrosine solubility was established.Conclusion:This study lays the groundwork for understanding the mechanism of white spot formation during Chinese fermented soybean curd fermentation and provides solutions for controlling white spot formation.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:The changes in the chemical composition of oil from pecan kernels following infection with black spot disease were evaluated to determine whether the disease affects the quality of the seed oil.The findings should provide theoretical support for developing the pecan in-dustry and enhancing the risk resistance of the industry.Materials and Methods:Oil samples from healthy and diseased pecan kernels were obtained using the squeezing method,and the bioactive substances and fatty acid composition of the two types of oil samples were compared.The degree of oxidation and deterioration of the diseased kernel oil was evaluated.Based on supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,gray correlation analysis,and unsupervised factor analysis,a multivariate evaluation model was established to comprehensively score the quality of the two types of oils.Results:The results showed that,compared with the healthy kernel oil,the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids,as well as the peroxide and acid values,were significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil.The content of oleic acid,as well as the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated acids,was also significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil.In addition,no aflatoxin was detected.Multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the quality of diseased kernel oil compared with that of healthy kernel oil.Conclusions:Therefore,following infection,the pecan oil begins to oxidize,but this does not have a significant negative effect on the nutrients,suggesting that oil from diseased kernels has the potential to be further processed and sold as edible-grade vegetable oil.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:Lees are the major by-product of Huangjiu brewing and are prone to decomposition due to abundant protein residues.This study aims to convert the lees into high-value peptides with umami and antioxidant difunctionals.Materials and Methods:Herein,a one-step hydrolysis method combined with flavorzyme followed by amylase pretreatment was developed and optimized.The target peptide fraction was collected and evaluated after ultrafiltration and ethanol precipitation,and then identified by nano-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The target peptides were filtered through virtual screening,sensory,and radical scavenging verification.Results:The results show that 80 U/g amylase and 3500 U/g flavorzyme synergistic hydrolysis at 50 ℃ for 3 h performed best for umami in-tensity and antioxidant activity.A total of 5266 peptides was identified from the 80％ethanol precipitation fraction,finally secreened 7 umami peptides.The umami recognition threshold of the 7 peptides ranged from 0.38 to 0.66 mmol/L in water.Among them,DPDGW and DNPNW exhibited good DPPH antioxidant ability with IC50 values of 0.6982 mg/mL and 0.4315 mg/mL,respectively.Additionally,molecular docking studies indicated that all umami peptides tend to interact with theT1 R3 receptor through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces,involving key residues such as ASN68,SER104,HIS145,SER276,VAL277,GLU301,ALA302,THR305,and HIS387.Conclusion:This study shows that Huangjiu lees is a potential resource for flavor and bioactive peptide development,which provides a refer-ence for other waste protein recycling.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)regulate fruit growth in many plants.However,there is no available study on the bHLH gene family in the haplotype-resolved genome of cultivated strawberry(Fragaria × ananassa).Materials and Methods:The 131 FabHLH genes identified in the strawberry cultivar'Yanli'haplotype-resolved genome were classified into 24 subfamilies according to their phylogenetic relationships.Gene structure,conserved motifs,and chromosomal locations were investigated using bioinformatics.Results:In total,15 FabHLH genes potentially involved in fruit development were screened based on transcriptome analysis of different stages of fruit development.We also identified the cis-regulatory elements of these 15 FabHLH genes,predicted upstream transcription factors,and identified protein-protein interactions.Conclusions:The findings of this study improve our understanding of the regulation mediated by bHLHTFs during strawberry fruit growth and maturation.
Fangfang XieKamran ShahCanbin ChenIrfan Ali Sabir...
404-413页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:Myeloblastosis(MYB)proteins,recognized as crucial transcriptional regulators,play an integral role in orchestrating the range of plant colors.Materials and Methods:Pitaya(Hylocereus spp.),a distinctive commercially cultivated fruit,stands apart due to its unique betalains,water-soluble nitrogen-enriched pigments that confer its vibrant hues.Although betalain biosynthesis has been extensively explored,the poten-tial influence of co-activators that might disrupt pigment production remains relatively unexplored.Results:In this study,we found that HuMYB9,an R2R3-MYB repressor,exhibited a remarkable decreasing during pitaya maturation.Sequence alignment analyses showed conserved R2 and R3 domains within the C-terminal of HuMYB9.HuMYB9's regulatory activities were found to be nuclear localized and it interacted with specific elements within the promoters of HuDODA1,HuADH1,and HuCYP76AD1-1,thus influencing the transcriptional activities in vitro.HuMYB9 transiently downregulated the expression of key betalain biosynthetic genes with a corresponding effect on the levels of pitaya pulp betalains.Conclusions:Our results suggest that HuMYB9 operates as a suppressor,specifically downregulating the expression of HuCYP76AD1-1,HuDODA1,and HuADH,thereby modulating betalain biosynthesis in pitaya.Collectively,our findings provide invaluable insights into the regula-tion of betalain accumulation in pitaya.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:Blue mold is a common postharvest disease that leads to severe rot and patulin(PAT)contamination in fruits,which is a key factor endangering the storage and quality of apple products.However,the Penicillium species from apple blue mold in China and their pathogenicity and PAT production ability have not been well studied.Materials and Methods:In this study,62 strains of pathogenic Penicillium species were isolated from blue mold apples collected from different regions of China.The ITS,BenA,and CaM genes were sequenced for molecular identification.Results:Penicillium strains were identified as three species,57 P.expansum,3 P.crustosum,and 2 P.polonicum.Twelve variants of the ITS sequence,61 variants of BenA and 67 variants of CiaM genes were identified between Penicillium species.Fungal morphology was observed on potato dextrose agar(PDA).After 10 d of cultivation,P.expansum cultures were detected with PAT concentrations ranging from 457.98 to 1333.85 mg/kg,and twoP .polonicum strains were 6.02 mg/kg and 6.30 mg/kg.The three P.crustosum strains could not produce PAT on PDA.In apple inoculation,P.expansum strains showed significantly faster infection rates than P.crustosum and P.polonicum strains.All P.expansum strains can produce PAT during infection,and the concentrations in the rot apple tissues were 2.31-88.67 mg/kg.The P.crustosum and P.polonicum strains could not produce PAT during infection.Conclusions:This study provides data and information regarding the morphology,virulence and PAT production of Penicillium pathogens that will improve the understanding of apple blue mold and postharvest disease control.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:In order to improve the prediction accuracy of forced-air pre-cooling for blueberries,a mathematical model of forced-air pre-cooling for blueberries based on the micro-cluster method was established.Materials and Methods:In order to determine the optimal micro-cluster model parameters suitable for forced air pre-cooling of blueberries,three factors controlling the micro-cluster geometry parameters were evaluated by 7/8 pre-cooling time,uniformity,and convective heat transfer coefficient.Results:It was found that the optimal values of the number of micro-clusters(n3),the distance between individual units within a micro-cluster(a)and the distance between micro-clusters(c)were 3,0.75,and 0.2,respectively.Under these optimal values,the temperature error of the micro-cluster method remained below 1 ℃,achieving highly accurate temperature predictions during the blueberry pre-cooling process.The re-sults showed that the micro-cluster method effectively solved the challenges of complex configuration,long simulation time,and low accuracy compared to the porous medium and equivalent sphere methods.Conclusion:Based on the above analysis,it can be concluded that the micro-cluster method provids a theoretical basis for optimizing forced-air pre-cooling processes and making informed control decisions.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:Food quality assessment is critical for indicating the shelf-life and ensuring food safety or value.Due to high environmental sensi-tivity,the post-harvest quality of fresh fruit will undergo complex changes in the supply chain,with various dynamic quality-related features.It is difficult to efficiently and accurately extract comprehensive quality feature of post-harvest fruits from high-dimensional monitoring data with het-erogeneous characteristics(numerical and categorical).Therefore,we proposed a dynamic comprehensive quality assessment method based on self-adaptive analytic hierarchy process(SAHP)integrated with the CatBoost model.Materials and Methods:By adaptive weight optimization,the SAHP was utilized to analyze the multi-source quality information and obtain the quantized fusion value,as an output sample of CatBoost machine learning.Then,using heterogeneous monitoring data as input,the CatBoost model was directly trained through unbiased boosting with categorical features for dynamic assessment of overall quality status.Results:Three quality index monitoring data sets for'Jufeng'grape in different transportation chains(normal temperature,cold insulation,and cold chain)were individually constructed as the research samples.Furthermore,compared to other machine learning methods,the SAHP-CatBoost had more accurate results in comprehensive quality feature extraction.In actual transportation chains,the mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and root mean squared error of dynamic comprehensive assessment were limited to 0.0044,1.012％,and 0.0078,respectively.Conclusions:The proposed method is efficient in handling heterogeneous monitoring data and extracting comprehensive quality information of post-harvest grape as a robust shelf-life indicator.It can reasonably guide post-harvest quality management to reduce food loss and improve economic benefits.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:In recent years,there has been a substantial increase in the global consumption of honey,driven by the high demand for natural products that offer health benefits.Consequently,consumers show a preference for honey,recognised for its superior quality,namely honey with a Protected Designation of Origin(PDO)or honey produced in protected areas,as it is associated with superior attributes and characteris-tics.Portugal is one of the leading countries in the production of PDO honey,with Montesinho Natural Park(MNP)being an excellent example of high-quality Portuguese honey,known for its distinctive attributes.However,environmental threats pose a double challenge,leading to a decline in honey production and compromising its overall quality.This study aimed to assess the specific physicochemical parameters and nutritional characteristics of MNP honey and investigate their correlation with the different locations of apiaries.Materials and Methods:MNP honey samples(n=13)were obtained from local producers or purchased at supermarkets.Standard physicochemical parameters,such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,diastase activity,moisture and ash content,free acidity,electrical conductivity and pH,were determined according to honey legislation.Additionally,colour parameters,protein,low-molecular-weight carbohydrates(mono-and disaccharides),and mineral content were determined.Results:The results obtained were consistent with the requirements outlined in the legislation and those described in the literature.The results suggest that geographical factors within the park and boundaries do not contribute to variations in the analysed parameters.Conclusions:A significant level of homogeneity was evident in all parameters evaluated among the MNP honey samples.This is the first com-prehensive study of the physicochemical properties of honey from various apiaries within the MNP.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives:As the global COVID-19 pandemic stabilizes and control measures gradually improve,the food supply chain enters the post-pandemic era.The food supply chain is closely related to people's daily life,and it is becoming increasingly important to grasp its development direction in the post-pandemic era.So the aim of this paper is to summarize the changes and continuity of the food supply chains in the post-pandemic era.Materials and Methods:We used food reports published by most global authorities as the data source for this study and analyzed the devel-opment of production,logistics,and consumption of food supply chains from the two dimensions of post-pandemic and pre-pandemic.Results:Our paper shows,on one hand,the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures allows food production workers to return to their jobs,facilitates smooth food logistics,and reduces uncertainty in the food supply chain,thereby providing a better environment for its development.On the other hand,Industry 4.0 plays an increasingly prominent role in the food supply chain.Conclusions:The trends of digitalization and mechanization in food production,cold chain logistics,smart logistics,online shopping and health-conscious consumption that emerged during the pandemic will continue to persist and evolve in the post-pandemic era.We attempt to system-atically analyze the development trend of the food supply chain in the post-pandemic era,point out the implications and approaches for future research,and provide theoretical references for researchers,practitioners,and consumers in the food field.
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