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世界胃肠病学杂志(英文版)
世界胃肠病学杂志(英文版)

潘伯荣

周刊

1007-9327

wjg@wjgnet.com

010-85381901-628

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北京市朝阳区东四环中路62号楼远洋国际中心D座903室

世界胃肠病学杂志(英文版)/Journal World Journal of GastroenterologyCSCDCSTPCDSCI
查看更多>>主要报道和刊登国内外、特别是我国消化病学者具有创造性的、有较高学术水平的基础和临床研究论文、研究快报等. 对具有中国特色的研究论文, 如食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、大肠癌、病毒性肝炎、幽门螺杆菌、中医中药、中西医结合和基于作者自己研究工作为主的综述性论文, 将优先发表. 读者对象为基础研究或临床研究的消化专业工作者。
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    Evolution of continent ileostomy

    Gurel NessarJames S Wu
    3479-3482页
    查看更多>>摘要:Continent ileostomy can be defined as a surgical procedure that facilitates planned intermittent evacuation of a bowel reservoir through an ileostomy.It was devised by Nils Kock in 1969.Subsequently,continent ileostomy (or Kock pouch) became a viable alternative in the management of patients who had traditionally required an end ileostomy.Kock pouch appeared to provide substantial physical and psychosocial benefits over a conventional ileostomy.The procedure became popular until ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) was introduced in 1980.Despite its benefits,continent ileostomy had many short term complications including intubation problems,ileus,anastomotic leaks,peritonitis and valve problems.Operative mortalities have also been reported in the literature.Most of these problems have been eliminated with increasing experience; however,valverelated problems remain as an "Achilles' heel" of the technique.Many modifications have been introduced to prevent this problem.Some patients have had their pouch removed because of complications mainly related to valve dysfunction.Although revision rates can be high,most of the patients who retain their reservoirs are satisfied with regard to their health status and quality of life.Today,this procedure is still appropriate for selected patients for whom pouch surgery is not possible or for patients who have failed IPAA.Both the patient and their physician must be highly motivated to accept the risk of failure and the subsequent need for revisional operations.

    Natural history of Barrett's esophagus

    Rao MilindStephen E Attwood
    3483-3491页
    查看更多>>摘要:The natural history of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is difficult to quantify because,by definition,it should describe the course of the condition if left untreated.Pragmatically,we assume that patients with BE will receive symptomatic treatment with acid suppression,usually a proton pump inhibitor,to treat their heartburn.This paper describes the development of complications of stricture,ulcer,dysplasia and adenocarcinoma from this standpoint.Controversies over the definition of BE and its implications in clinical practice are presented.The presence of intestinal metaplasia and its relevance to cancer risk is discussed,and the need to measure the extent of the Barrett's epithelium (long and short segments) using the Prague guidelines is emphasized.Guidelines and international consensus over the diagnosis and management of BE are being regularly updated.The need for expert consensus is important due to the lack of randomized trials in this area.After searching the literature,we have tried to collate the important studies regarding progression of Barrett's to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.No therapeutic studies yet reported show a clear reduction in the development of cancer in BE.The effect of pharmacological and surgical intervention on the natural history of Barrett's is a subject of ongoing research,including the Barrett's Oesophagus Surveillance Study and the aspirin and esomeprazole cancer chemoprevention trial with interesting results.The geographical variation and the wide range of outcomes highlight the difficulty of providing an individualized risk profile to patients with BE.Future studies on the interaction of genome wide abnormalities in Barrett's and their interaction with environmental factors may allow individualization of the risk of cancer developing in BE.

    Multicausality in fatty liver disease: Is there a rationale to distinguish between alcoholic and non-alcoholic origin?

    Henry V(o)lzke
    3492-3501页
    查看更多>>摘要:Apart from alcohol,there are other factors that may induce complications,which resemble alcohol-related liver disorders.In particular,obesity has been brought into focus as a risk factor for fatty liver disease.The term "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is commonly used to distinguish between obesity-related and alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.This review uses the epidemiological perspective to critically assess whether it is necessary and useful to differentiate between alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease.The MEDLINE database was searched using the PubMed search engine,and a review of reference lists from original research and review articles was conducted.The concept to distinguish between alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is mainly based on specific pathomechanisms.This concept has,however,several limitations including the common overlap between alcohol misuse and obesityrelated metabolic disorders and the non-consideration of additional causal factors.Both entities share similar histopathological patterns.Studies demonstrating differences in clinical presentation and outcome are often biased by selection.Risk factor reduction is the main principle of prevention and treatment of both disease forms.In conclusion,alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver diseases are one and the same disease caused by different risk factors.A shift from artificial categories to a more general approach to fatty liver disease as a multicausal disorder may optimize preventive strategies and help clinicians more effectively treat patients at the individual level.

    Significance of regenerating islet-derived type Ⅳ gene expression in gastroenterological cancers

    Masakatsu NumataTakashi Oshima
    3502-3510页
    查看更多>>摘要:The regenerating islet-derived members (Reg),a group of small secretory proteins,which are involved in cell proliferation or differentiation in digestive organs,are upregulated in several gastrointestinal cancers,functioning as trophic or antiapoptotic factors.Regenerating islet-derived type Ⅳ (RegⅣ),a member of the Reg gene family,has been reported to be overexpressed in gastroenterological cancers.RegⅣ overexpression in tumor cells has been associated with carcinogenesis,cell growth,survival and resistance to apoptosis.Cancer tissue expressing RegⅣ is generally associated with more malignant characteristics than that without such expression,and RegⅣ is considered a novel prognostic factor as well as diagnostic marker in some gastroenterological cancers.We previously investigated the expression levels of RegⅣ mRNA of 202 surgical colorectal cancer specimens with quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and reported that a higher level of RegⅣ gene expression was a significant independent predictor of colorectal cancer.The biologic functions of RegⅣ protein in cancer tissue,associated with carcinogenesis,antiapoptosis and invasiveness,are being elucidated by molecular investigations using transfection techniques or neutralizing antibodies of RegⅣ,and the feasibility of antibody therapy targeting RegⅣ is being assessed.These studies may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for gastroenterological cancers expressing RegⅣ.This review article summarizes the current information related to biological functions as well as clinical importance of RegⅣ gene to clarify the significance of RegⅣexpression in gastroenterological cancers.

    Hepato-biliary profile of potential candidate liver progenitor cells from healthy rat liver

    Céric MaerckxIsabelle ScheersTatiana TondreauDavid Campard...
    3511-3519页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To evaluate the presence of progenitor cells in healthy adult rat liver displaying the equivalent advanced hepatogenic profile as that obtained in humans.METHODS:Rat fibroblastic-like liver derived cells (rFLDC) were obtained from collagenase-isolated liver cell suspensions and characterized and their phenotype profile determined using flow cytometry,immunocyto-chemistry,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and functional assays.RESULTS:rFLDC exhibit fibroblastoid morphology,express mesenchymal (CD73,CD90,vimentin,α-smooth muscle actin),hepatocyte (UGT1A1,CK8) and biliary (CK19) markers.Moreover,these cells are able to store glycogen,and have glucose 6 phosphatase activity,but not UGT1A1 activity.Under the hepatogenic differentiation protocol,rFLDC display an up-regulation of hepatocyte markers expression (albumin,tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase,G6Pase) correlated to a down-regulation of the expression of the biliary marker CK19.CONCLUSION:Advanced hepatic features observed in human liver progenitor cells could not be demonstrated in rFLDC.However,we demonstrated the presence of an original rodent hepato-biliary cell type.

    Edaravone inhibits apoptosis caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury in a porcine hepatectomy model

    Mitsugi ShimodaYoshimi IwasakiToshie OkadaKeiichi Kubota...
    3520-3526页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To investigate the effect of E3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (Edr) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and liver regeneration in a porcine hepatectomy model.METHODS:One hour ischemia was induced by occluding the vessels and the bile duct of the right and median lobes.A 40% left hepatectomy was performed after reperfusion.Six animals received Edr (3 mg/kg per hour)intravenously and six control animals received saline just before reperfusion.Remnant liver volume,hemodynamics,aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase and lactic acid,were compared between the groups.The expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) and toll-like receptor (TRL) mRNA in hepatic tissues was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Apoptosis was demonstrated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining,respectively.RESULTS:Serum AST (P =0.029),and toll like receptor 4 level (P =0.043) were significantly lower after 3 hin animals receiving Edr.In addition,TUNEL staining in Edr-treated pigs showed significantly fewer hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis compared with control pigs.After mo,all factors were non-significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Edr is considered to reduce hepatic injury in the early stage of I/R injury in a porcine model.

    Polo-like kinase 1, a new therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma

    Wei Chuen MokShanthi WasserTheresa TanSeng Gee Lim...
    3527-3536页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To investigate the role of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:PLK1 gene expression was evaluated in HCC tissue and HCC cell lines.Gene knockdown with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study PLK1 gene and protein expression using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting,and cell proliferation using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) assays.Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay,and caspase-inhibition assay.Huh-7cells were transplanted into nude mice and co-cultured with PLK1 siRNA or control siRNA,and tumor progression was compared with controls.RESULTS:RT-PCR showed that PLK1 was overexpressed 12-fold in tumor samples compared with controls,and also was overexpressed in Huh-7 cells.siRNA against PLK1 showed a reduction in PLK1 gene and protein expression of up to 96% in Huh-7 cells,and areduction in cell proliferation by 68% and 92% in MTS and BrdU cell proliferation assays,respectively.There was a 3-fold increase in apoptosis events,and TUNEL staining and caspase-3 assays suggested that this was caspase-independent.The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK was unable to rescue the apoptotic cells.Immnofluorescence co-localized endonuclease-G to fragmented chromosomes,implicating it in apoptosis.Huh-7 cells transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice showed tumor regression in siPLK1-treated mice,but not in controls.CONCLUSION:Knockdown of PLK1 overexpression in HCC was shown to be a potential therapeutic target,leading to apoptosis through the endonuclease-G pathway.

    Zinc finger protein A20 protects rats against chronic liver allograft dysfunction

    Jie YangMing-Qing XuLu-Nan YanXiao-Bo Chen...
    3537-3550页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To investigate the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on chronic liver allograft dysfunction in rats.METHODS:Allogeneic liver transplantation from DA rats to Lewis rats was performed.Chronic liver allograft dysfunction was induced in the rats by administering low-dose tacrolimus at postoperative day (POD) 5.Hepatic overexpression of A20 was achieved by recombinant adenovirus (rAd.)-mediated gene transfer administered intravenously every 10 d starting from POD 10.The recipient rats were injected with physiological saline,rAdEasy-A20 (1 x 109 pfu/30 g weight) or rAdEasy (1 x 109 pfu/30 g weight) every 10 d through the tail vein for 3 mo starting from POD 10.Liver tissue samples were harvested on POD 30 and POD 60.RESULTS:Liver-transplanted rats treated with only tacrolimus showed chronic allograft dysfunction with severe hepatic fibrosis.A20 overexpression ameliorated the effects on liver function,attenuated liver allograft fibrosis and prolonged the survival of the recipient rats.Treatment with A20 suppressed hepatic protein production of tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1,interleukin1β,caspase-8,CD40,CD40L,intercellular adhesion molecule-1,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin.A20 treatment suppressed liver cell apoptosis and inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation of Kupffer cells (KCs),liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs)and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs),and it subsequently decreased cytokine mRNA expression in KCs and LSECs and reduced the production of TGF-β1 in HSCs.CONCLUSION:A20 might prevent chronic liver allograft dysfunction by re-establishing functional homeostasis of KCs,LSECs and HSCs.

    Quality audit of colonoscopy reports amongst patients screened or surveilled for colorectal neoplasia

    Daphnée BeaulieuAlan BarkunMyriam Martel
    3551-3557页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To complete a quality audit using recently published criteria from the Quality Assurance Task Group of the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable.METHtODS:Consecutive colonoscopy reports of patients at average/high risk screening,or with a prior colorectal neoplasia (CRN) by endoscopists who perform 11 000 procedures yearly,using a commercial computerized endoscopic report generator.A separate institutional database providing pathological results.Required documentation included patient demographics,history,procedure indications,technical descriptions,colonoscopy findings,interventions,unplanned events,follow-up plans,and pathology results.Reports abstraction employed a standardized glossary with 10% independent data validation.Sample size calculations determined the number of reports needed.RESULTS:Two hundreds and fifty patients (63.2 ±10.5 years,female:42.8%,average risk:38.5%,personal/family history of CRN:43.3%/20.2%) were scoped in June 2009 by 8 gastroenterologists and 3 surgeons (mean practice:17.1 ± 8.5 years).Procedural indication and informed consent were always documented.14% provided a previous colonoscopy date (past polypremoval information in 25%,but insufficient in most to determine surveillance intervals appropriateness).Most procedural indicators were recorded (exam date:98.4%,medications:99.2%,difficulty level:98.8%,prep quality:99.6%).All reports noted extent of visualization (cecum:94.4%,with landmarks noted in 78.8%-photodocumentation:67.2%).No procedural times were recorded.One hundred and eleven had polyps (44.4%) with anatomic location noted in 99.1%,size in 65.8%,morphology in 62.2%; removal was by cold biopsy in 25.2% (cold snare:18%,snare cautery:31.5%,unrecorded:20.7%),84.7% were retrieved.Adenomas were noted in 24.8%(advanced adenomas:7.6%,cancer:0.4%) in this population with varying previous colonic investigations.CONCLUSION:This audit reveals lacking reported items,justifying additional research to optimize quality of reporting.

    Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery vs laparoscopic ovariectomy: Complications and inflammatory response

    Jan MartínekOnd(r)ej RyskaTereza FilípkováRadek Dole(z)el...
    3558-3564页
    查看更多>>摘要:AIM:To compare natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) vs standard laparoscopic ovariectomy in mini pigs with respect to technical aspects,complications and parameters of systemic inflammatory response.METHODS:This was a randomized,experimental,survival study.Ten female mini pigs underwent NOTES transgastric ovariectomy (NOTES group) and ten female mini pigs underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy (LAP group).A "percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy"approach with guidewire and sphincterotome was used for gastrotomy creation.The ovary was resected using standard biopsy forceps and a snare.The access site was closed using a "KING" closure with a single endoloop and several clips.In the laparoscopic group,a three-port laparoscopy and an ovariectomy were performed with the use of standard laparoscopic devices.C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood count and interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels were used as indicators of systemic inflammatory response.All animals were euthanized 28 d after surgery.RESULTS:All animals survived without complications.The mean procedure time was 41.3 min ± 17.6 min (NOTES group) and 25.7 min ± 5.25 min (LAP group,P < 0.02).Postmortem examinations demonstrated that 50% and 70% of animals were free of any complications in the NOTES and LAP groups,respectively.The remaining animals developed minor complications (adhesions) in a comparable frequency between the two groups.In the NOTES group,one animal developed a small intramural gastric abscess close to the gastrotomy site.A minor serous exudate that was present in 50% and 40% of the animals in the NOTES and laparoscopy groups,respectively,was not considered a complication.In both groups CRP levels increased significantly on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days (POD) and returned to normal after 28 d.On POD 2,an increase of CRP level was significantly higher in the NOTES group compared to the LAP group.Values of IL-6 did not differ from baseline values in either of the groups post-operatively.Interestingly,the platelet count decreased significantly on POD 2,but returned close to baseline values on POD 7 and PODs 28-30.CONCLUSION:Both NOTES and laparoscopic ovariectomies had a similar frequency of minor complications.However,the NOTES technique produced an increased systemic inflammatory response on POD 2.