查看更多>>摘要：Mitochondria,with their intricate networks of functions and information processing,are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression.Particularly,mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies,including cardiovascular diseases,neurodegeneration,metabolic syndrome,and cancer.However,the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases.Nonetheless,these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets.In recent years,strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials.Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria,has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases.Mitochondrial components,including mtDNA,mitochondria-located microRNA,and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries.Here,we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases.We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies,as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents.Finally,this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
查看更多>>摘要：Tumor biomarkers,the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression,have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis,prognosis prediction,recurrence detection,and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers.Over the past decades,continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel,sensitive,specific,and accurate tumor biomarkers,which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients,especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers.Herein,we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers,including the history of tumor biomarkers,the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection,the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins,and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management.in particular,we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies.We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field.Collectively,the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine,broaden horizons in future research directions,and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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