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畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)
中国科学技术协会
畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)

中国科学技术协会

李德发

季刊

1674-9782

zgxm@cau.edu.cn;xmzz@cau.edu.cn

010-62734403/2723

100193

中国农业大学西校区动物科技学院Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology编辑部

畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)/Journal Journal of Animal Science and BiotechnologyCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>定位为国内外公开发行的专业学术期刊，宗旨是立足国内，面向国际，为国内外畜牧科技工作者提供国际化学术共享的园地，促进我国与国际上其他国家在畜牧科学领域的交流；让中国畜牧科技走向世界，让世界了解中国畜牧科技。
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    Heat stress affects mammary metabolism by influencing the plasma flow to the glands

    Jia ZengDiming WangHuizeng SunHongyun Liu...
    1908-1917页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Environmental heat stress(HS)can have detrimental effects on milk production by compromising the mammary function.Mammary plasma flow(MPF)plays a crucial role in nutrient supply and uptake in the mam-mary gland.In this experiment,we investigated the physiological and metabolic changes in high-yielding cows exposed to different degrees of HS:no HS with thermal-humidity index(THI)below 68(No-HS),mild HS(Mild-HS,68 ≤ TH I ≤ 79),and moderate HS(Mod-HS,79＜TH I ≤ 88)in their natural environment.Our study focused on the changes in blood oxygen supply and mammary glucose uptake and utilization.Results Compared with No-HS,the MPF of dairy cows was greater(P＜0.01)under Mild-HS,but was lower(P＜0.01)in cows under Mod-HS.Oxygen supply and consumption exhibited similar changes to the MPF under different HS,with no difference in ratio of oxygen consumption to supply(P=0.46).The mammary arterio-vein differences in glucose concentration were lower(P＜0.05)under Mild-and Mod-HS than under no HS.Glucose supply and flow were significantly increased(P＜0.01)under Mild-HS but significantly decreased(P＜0.01)under Mod-HS compared to No-HS.Glucose uptake(P＜0.01)and clearance rates(P＜0.01)were significantly reduced under Mod-HS compared to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Under Mild-HS,there was a significant decrease(P＜0.01)in the ratio of lac-tose yield to mammary glucose supply compared to that under No-HS and Mod-HS,with no difference(P=0.53)in the ratio of lactose yield to uptaken glucose among different HS situations.Conclusions Degrees of HS exert different influences on mammary metabolism,mainly by altering MPF in dairy cows.The output from this study may help us to develop strategies to mitigate the impact of different degrees of HS on milk production.
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    Hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death is involved in the formation of wooden breast in broilers

    Xinrui ZhangTong XingLin ZhangLiang Zhao...
    1918-1931页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Wooden breast(WB)myopathy is a common myopathy found in commercial broiler chickens world-wide.Histological examination has revealed that WB myopathy is accompanied by damage to the pectoralis major(PM)muscle.However,the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of WB in broilers have not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the potential role of hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death(PCD)in the formation of WB myopathy.Results Histological examination and biochemical analysis were performed on the PM muscle of the control(CON)and WB groups.A significantly increased thickness of the breast muscle in the top,middle,and bottom portions(P＜0.01)was found along with pathological structure damage of myofibers in the WB group.The number of capil-laries per fiber in PM muscle,and the levels of pO2 and sO2 in the blood,were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while the levels of pCO2 andTCO2 in the blood were significantly increased(P＜0.05),suggesting hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of the WB group.We further evaluated the PCD-related pathways including autophagy,apoptosis,and necroptosis to understand the consequence response to enhanced hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of birds with WB.The ratio of LC3 Ⅱ to LC3 Ⅰ,and the autophagy-related factors HIF-1 α,BNIP3,Beclin1,AMPKα,and ULK1 at the mRNAand protein levels,were all significantly upregulated(P＜0.05),showing that autophagy occurred in the PM muscle of the WB group.The apoptotic index,as well as the expressions of Bax,Cytc,caspase 9,and caspase 3,were significantly increased(P＜0.05),whereas Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P＜0.05)in the WB-affected PM muscle,indicating the occurrence of apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway.Additionally,the expressions of necroptosis-related factors RIP1,RIP3,and MLKL,as well as NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,were all significantly enhanced(P＜0.05)in the WB-affected PM muscle.Conclusions The WB myopathy reduces blood supply and induces hypoxia in the PM muscle,which is closely related to the occurrence of PCD including apoptosis,autophagy,and necroptosis within myofibers,and finally leads to abnormal muscle damage and the development of WB in broilers.
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    Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

    Hyunjun ChoiYesid Garavito DuarteGuilherme A.M.PasqualiSung Woo Kim...
    1932-1950页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Xylanase and β-glucanase combination(XG)hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Forty pigs(6.5±0.4 kg)were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases(11,9,and 15 d,respectively).Basal diets mainly included corn,soybean meal,and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles,contained phytase(750 FTU/kg),and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at(1)0,(2)280TXU/kg xylanase and 125TGU/kgβ-glucanase,(3)560 and 250,(4)840 and 375,or(5)1,120 and 500,respectively.Growth performance was measured.On d 35,all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa,jejunal digesta,jejunal tissues,and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal health.Results Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease(P=0.059)viscosity of jejunal digesta(min:1.74 mPa-s at 751/335(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased(P＜0.05)Prevotellaceae(min:0.6％at 630/281(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal mucosa.Increasing XG intake quadratically increased(P＜0.05)Lactobacil-laceae(max:40.3％at 608/271(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal mucosa.Increasing XG intake quadratically decreased(P＜0.05)Helicobacteraceae(min:1.6％at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal mucosa.Increasing levels of XG tended to linearly decrease(P=0.073)jejunal IgG and tended to quadratically increase(P=0.085)jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio(max:2.62 at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the appar-ent ileal digestibility of dry matter(P=0.087)and ether extract(P=0.065).Increasing XG intake linearly increased(P＜0.05)average daily gain.Conclusions A combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides frac-tions,positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota.Increased intake of these enzyme combina-tion possibly reduced digesta viscosity and humoral immune response in the jejunum resulting in improved intestinal structure,and ileal digestibility of nutrients,and finally improving growth of nursery pigs.The beneficial effects were maximized at a combination of 550 to 800TXU/kg xylanase and 250 to 360TGU/kg β-glucanase.
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    Effects of methionine supplementation in a reduced protein diet on growth performance,oxidative status,intestinal health,oocyst shedding,and methionine and folate metabolism in broilers under Eimeria challenge

    Guanchen LiuVenkata Sesha Reddy ChoppaMilan Kumar SharmaHanseo Ko...
    1951-1979页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background This study investigated effects of different methionine(Met)supplementation levels in a reduced protein diet on growth performance,intestinal health,and different physiological parameters in broilers under Eimeria challenge.A total of 600 fourteen-day-old Cobb500 male broilers were challenged with E.maxima,E.tenella,and E.acervulina,and randomly allocated in a 2×5 factorial arrangement.Birds received normal protein diets(20％crude protein,NCP)or reduced protein diets(17％crude protein,LCP),containing 2.8,4.4,6.0,7.6,and 9.2 g/kg of Met.Results On 6 and 9 days post inoculation(DPI),increasing Met level linearly improved the growth performance(P＜0.05).Total oocyst shedding linearly increased as Met level increased(P＜0.05).Duodenal villus height(VH):crypt depth(CD)in the LCP groups were higher on 6 DPI(P＜0.01)while lower on 9 DPI(P＜0.05)compared to the NCP groups.Jejunal CD and duodenal VH:CD changed quadratically as Met level increased(P＜0.05).On 6 DPI,liver glu-tathione(GSH)and glutathione disulfiide(GSSG)linearly increased as Met level increased(P＜0.05).On 9 DPI,GSSG quadratically increased,whereas GSH:GSSG quadratically decreased as Met levels increased(P＜0.05).The expression of amino acid transporters linearly decreased as Met level increased(P＜0.05).The expression of zonula occludens 2 and claudin-1 linearly increased on 6 DPI whereas decreased on 9 DPI as Met level increased(P＜0.05).The expres-sions of cytokines were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups(P＜0.05).Interaction effects were found for the expression of IL-10 and TNFα on 6 DPI(P＜0.05),where it only changed quadratically in the NCP group as Met level increased.The expression of Met and folate metabolism genes were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups on 9 DPI(P＜0.05).The expression of these genes linearly or quadratically decreased as Met level increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion These results revealed the regulatory roles of Met in different physiological parameters including oxida-tive status,intestinal health,and nutrient metabolism in birds fed reduced protein diet and challenged with Eimeria.
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    Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

    Koki NishiharaClothilde VillotLautaro CangianoLe Luo Guan...
    1980-1995页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life,understand-ing how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal health.Feeding probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune function.The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function.Results Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of life.Colon tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(D0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(D5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon transcriptome.Metagenome sequencing showed that there was no difference in α and β diversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 com-pared to D5.In addition,qPCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(E.coli)decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude E.coli,increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0.RNA-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as"Interferon Signaling"were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to D0.Conclusions Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa dur-ing the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB supplementation.During early life,opportunistic patho-gens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune function.Predicted activation of immune function-related pathways may be the result of host immune function development or suggest other antigens in the intestine during early life.Further studies focusing on the other antigens and host immune function in the colon mucosa are required to better understand intestinal immune function development.
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    Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass(Morone saxatilis♀ × Morone chrysops ♂)fed soybean meal-based diets

    Wenliang HeXinyu LiGuoyao Wu
    1996-2011页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-Ⅰ)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-11)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Moronesaxatilis♀ × Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-Ⅰ and Phase-Ⅱ HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0％,1％,or 2％glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were col-lected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-Ⅰ HSB,supplementation with 1％or 2％glycine increased(P＜0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15％-19％)and hepatic GSH(8％-11％),while reducing(P＜0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14％-15％,compared with the 0-gly-cine group;there were no differences(P＞0.05)in these variables between the 1％and 2％glycine groups.In Phase-ll HSB,supplementation with 1％and 2％glycine increased(P＜0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15％-27％)and liver(11％-20％)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1％or 2％glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1％and 2％glycine dose-dependently increased(P＜0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22％-41％)and hepatic y-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17％-37％),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1％or 2％glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P＜0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activi-ties of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Die-tary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-Ⅰ and Phase-Ⅱ HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.
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    Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,the endocannabinoid system,and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows

    Priscila dos Santos SilvaGitit KraYana ButenkoJayasimha Rayalu Daddam...
    2012-2030页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development.We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO),on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism,infllammation,oxidative stress,and the endocannabinoid system(ECS)in the expelled placenta,as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates.Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat(CTL),FLX,or FO.Placental cotyledons(n=5)were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and proteomic analysis.Neonatal blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of infllammatory markers.Results FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),interleukin 10(IL-10),catalase(CAT),cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1),and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)compared with CTL placenta.Gene expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase(FAAH)was lower in FLX and FO than in CTL.Proteomic analysis identified 3,974 proteins;of these,51-59 were differentially abundant between treatments(P≤0.05,|fold change|≥ 1.5).Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX vs.CTL and in FO vs.CTL were triglyceride metabolism and inflam-matory processes.Both n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins(FABPs)3 and 7.The abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1(CNRIP1)was reduced in FO vs.FLX.In silico mod-eling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to endocannabinoids.The FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1,whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO vs.CTL placenta.Maternal FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs,and both FLX and FO reduced inter-leu kin-6 concentrations compared with CTL.Conclusion Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta;both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative stress,however,FO increased some transcriptional ECS components,possibly related to the increased FABPs.Maternal FO induced a unique balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory components in the placenta.Taken together,different sources of n-3 FA during late pregnancy enhanced placental immune and metabolic processes,which may affect the neonatal immune system.
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    Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization,whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

    Sai ZhangJuan C.MariniVengai MavangiraAndrew Claude...
    2031-2043页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown.Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(CON;19.24％CP)and reduced CP with"optimal"AA profile(OPT;14.00％CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Between d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(CON=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solu-tion of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13C]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13C]lysine infusion.Serial blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enrichment,Lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and mus-cle protein breakdown.Results Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(P＜0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of Lys(P＜0.05),Lys mammary flux(P＜0.01)and whole-body protein turnover efficiency(P＜0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and CON(P=0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of Lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown.These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.
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    Source and level of dietary iron influence semen quality by affecting inflammation,oxidative stress and iron utilization levels in boars

    Yinghui WuYamei LiYueyue MiaoHongkui Wei...
    2044-2058页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be inap-propriate.Therefore,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15-21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO4)and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from Calimet-Fe)for 16 weeks.The effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were investigated.Results 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P＞0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P＜0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P＜0.01),ferritin(P＜0.05),and transferrin receptor(P＜0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the trial.However,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P＜0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P＜0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality parameters.Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe did not induce iron deficiency,but rather reduced serum inflammatory levels and hepcidin concentration,alleviated oxidative stress,increased body iron utilization,and improved semen quality in adult boars.
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    Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize microbiota in rumen liquid digesta during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)in lactating dairy cows

    Junfei GuoZhengxiao ZhangLe Luo Guanllkyu Yoon...
    2059-2080页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d NutriTek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d NutriTek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20％DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50％ground barley and 50％ground wheat.Total DNAfrom rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3-V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the over-all composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiot-ics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP sup-plementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococ-caceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supple-mentation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,and a-and β-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.
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