查看更多>>摘要：Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TaCO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAA/Aux genes for auxin signaling in prr95aabbdd plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.
查看更多>>摘要：Cough is one of the most common symptoms observed in patients presenting with COVID-19,persisting for an extended duration following SARS-CoV-2 infection.We aim to describe the distribution of airway microbiota and explore its role in patients with post-COVID-19 chronic cough.A total of 57 patients experiencing persistent cough after infection were recruited during the Omicron wave of SARS-CoV-2 in China.Airway microbiota profiling is assessed in nasopharyngeal swab,nasal lavage,and induced sputum samples at 4 and 8 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Our findings reveal that bacterial families Staph-ylococcaceae,Corynebacteriaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae are the most prevalent in the upper airway,while Streptococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Prevotellaceae emerge as the most prevalent bacterial families in the lower airway.An increase in the abundance of Staphylococcus in nasopharyngeal swab samples and of Streptococcus in induced sputum samples is observed after one month.Furthermore,the abundance of Staphylococcus identified in nasopharyngeal swab samples at the baseline period emerges as an insightful predictor for improvement in cough severity.In conclusion,dynamic alterations in the airway microbial composition may contribute to the post-COVID-19 chronic cough progression,while the compositional signatures of nasopharyngeal microbiota could reflect the improvement of this disease.
查看更多>>摘要：Heterosis has been widely utilized in agricultural production.Despite over a century of extensive research,the underlying mechanisms of heterosis remain elusive.Most hypotheses and research have focused on the genetic basis of heterosis.However,the potential role of gut microbiota in heterosis has been largely ignored.Here,we carefully design a crossbreeding experiment with two distinct broiler breeds and conduct 16S rRNA amplicon and transcriptome sequencing to investigate the synergistic role of gut microbiota and host genes in driving heterosis.We find that the breast muscle weight of hybrids exhibits a high heterosis,6.28％higher than the mid-parent value.A notable difference is observed in the composition and potential function of cecal microbiota between hybrids and their parents.Over 90％of differentially colonized microbiota and differentially expressed genes exhibit nonadditive patterns.Integrative analyses uncover associations between nonadditive genes and nonadditive microbiota,including a connection between the expression of cellular signaling pathways and metabolism-related genes and the abundance of Odor-ibacter,Oscillibacter,and Alistipes in hybrids.Moreover,higher abundances of these microbiota are related to better meat yield.In summary,these findings highlight the importance of gut microbiota in heterosis,serving as crucial factors that modulate heterosis expression in chickens.
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