查看更多>>摘要：With unlimited topological modes in mathematics,the fractional orbital angular momentum(FOAM)demonstrates the potential to infinitely increase the channel capacity in acoustic-vortex(AV)communications.However,the accuracy and stability of FOAM recognition are still limited by the nonorthogonality and poor anti-interference of fractional AV beams.The popular machine learning,widely used in optics based on large datasets of images,does not work in acoustics because of the huge engineering of the 2-dimensional point-by-point measurement.Here,we report a strategy of phase-dislocation-mediated high-dimensional fractional AV communication based on pair-FOAM multiplexing,circular sparse sampling,and machine learning.The unique phase dislocation corresponding to the topological charge provides important physical guidance to recognize FOAMs and reduce sampling points from theory to practice.A straightforward convolutional neural network considering turbulence and misalignment is further constructed to achieve the stable and accurate communication without involving experimental data.We experimentally present that the 32-point dual-ring sampling can realize the 10-bit information transmission in a limited topological charge scope from±0.6 to±2.4 with the FOAM resolution of 0.2,which greatly reduce the divergence in AV communications.The infinitely expanded channel capacity is further verified by the improved FOAM resolution of 0.025.Compared with other milestone works,our strategy reaches 3-fold OAM utilization,4-fold information level,and 5-fold OAM resolution.Because of the extra advantages of high dimension,high speed,and low divergence,this technology may shed light on the next-generation AV communication.
查看更多>>摘要：Terahertz(THz)wave manipulation,especially the beam deflection,plays an essential role in various applications,such as next-generation communication,space exploration,and high-resolution imaging.Current THz optical components and devices are hampered by their large bulk sizes and passive responses,limiting the development of high-performance,miniaturized THz microsystems.Tunable metasurfaces offer a powerful dynamic optical platform for controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves.In this article,we presented a mechanically tunable metasurface(MTM),which can achieve terahertz beam deflection and vary the intensity of the anomalous reflected terahertz wave by changing the air gap between the metallic resonator(MR)array with phase discontinuities and Au ground plane.The absence of lossy spacer materials substantially enhances deflection efficiency.The device was fabricated by a combination of the surface and bulk-micromachining processes.The THz beam steering capability was characterized using terahertz time domain spectroscopy.When the air gap is 50 μm,the maximum deflection coefficient reaches 0.60 at 0.61THz with a deflection angle of～44.5°,consistent with theoretical predictions.We further established an electrically tunable miniaturized THz device for dynamic beam steering by introducing a micro voice coil motor to control the air gap continuously.It is shown that our designed MTM demonstrates a high modulation depth of deflection coefficient(～62.5％)in the target steered angle at the operating frequency.Our results showcase the potential of the proposed MTM as a platform for high-efficiency THz beam manipulation.
查看更多>>摘要：Solar-driven desalination systems have been recognized as an effective technology to address the water crisis.Recently,evaporators prepared based on advanced manufacturing technologies have emerged as a promising tool in enhancing ocean energy utilization.In this review,we discussed the thermal conversion,energy flow,salt deposition mechanisms,and design strategies for solar-driven desalination systems,and explored how to improve the desalination performance and energy use efficiency of the systems through advanced manufacturing technologies.In future perspectives,we determined the feasibility of coupling solar-driven solar desalination systems with multi-stage energy utilization systems and emerging artificial intelligence technologies,for which conclusions are given and new directions for future desalination system development are envisioned.Finally,exciting opportunities and challenges in the face of basic research and practical implementation are discussed,providing promising solutions and blueprints for green and novel desalination technologies while achieving sustainable development.
查看更多>>摘要：The controllable manipulation and transfer of droplets are fundamental in a wide range of chemical reactions and even life processes.Herein,we present a novel,universal,and straightforward acoustic approach to fabricating biomimetic surfaces for on-demand droplet manipulations like many natural creatures.Based on the capillary waves induced by surface acoustic waves,various polymer films could be deformed into pre-designed structures,such as parallel grooves and grid-like patterns.These structured and functionalized surfaces exhibit impressive ability in droplet transportation and water collection,respectively.Besides these static surfaces,the tunability of acoustics could also endow polymer surfaces with dynamic controllability for droplet manipulations,including programming wettability,mitigating droplet evaporation,and accelerating chemical reactions.Our approach is capable of achieving universal surface manufacturing and droplet manipulation simultaneously,which simplifies the fabrication process and eliminates the need for additional chemical modifications.Thus,we believe that our acoustic-derived surfaces and technologies could provide a unique perspective for various applications,including microreactor integration,biochemical reaction control,tissue engineering,and so on.
查看更多>>摘要：Bioorthogonal reactions are a class of chemical reactions that can be carried out in living organisms without interfering with other reactions,possessing high yield,high selectivity,and high efficiency.Since the first proposal of the conception by Professor Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003,bioorthogonal chemistry has attracted great attention and has been quickly developed.As an important chemical biology tool,bioorthogonal reactions have been applied broadly in biomedicine,including bio-labeling,nucleic acid functionalization,drug discovery,drug activation,synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates,and proteolysis-targeting chimeras.Given this,we summarized the basic knowledge,development history,research status,and prospects of bioorthogonal reactions and their biomedical applications.The main purpose of this paper is to furnish an overview of the intriguing bioorthogonal reactions in a variety of biomedical applications and to provide guidance for the design of novel reactions to enrich bioorthogonal chemistry toolkits.
查看更多>>摘要：Owing to the promising therapeutic effect and one-time treatment advantage,gene therapy may completely change the management of eye diseases,especially retinal diseases.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)is considered one of the most promising viral gene delivery tools because it can infect various types of tissues and is considered as a relatively safe gene delivery vector.The eye is one of the most popular organs for gene therapy,since its limited volume is suitable for small doses of AAV stably transduction.Recently,an increasing number of clinical trials of AAV-mediated gene therapy are underway.This review summarizes the biological functions of AAV and its application in the treatment of various ocular diseases,as well as the characteristics of different AAV delivery routes in clinical applications.Here,the latest research progresses in AAV-mediated gene editing and silencing strategies to modify that the genetic ocular diseases are systematically outlined,especially by base editing and prime editing.We discuss the progress of AAV in ocular optogenetic therapy.We also summarize the application of AAV-mediated gene therapy in animal models and the difficulties in its clinical transformation.
查看更多>>摘要：Second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)window optical molecular imaging kicks off a new revolution in high-quality imaging in vivo,but always suffers from the hurdles of inevitable tissue autofluorescence background and NIR-Ⅱ probe development.Here,we prepare a Förster resonance energy transfer-based ratiometric NIR-Ⅱwindow hydrogen sulfide(H2S)sensor through the combination of an H2S-responsive NIR-Ⅱ cyanine dye(acceptor,LET-1055)and an H2S-inert rhodamine hybrid polymethine dye(donor,Rh930).This sensor not only exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity,but also shows rapid reaction kinetics(～20 min)and relatively low limit of detection(～96 nM)toward H2S,allowing in vivo ratiometric NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of orthotopic liver and colon tumors and visualization of the drug-induced hepatic H2S fluctuations.Our findings provide the potential for advancing the feasibility of NIR-Ⅱ activity-based sensing for in vivo clinical diagnosis.
查看更多>>摘要：Deep learning(DL)-driven efficient synthesis planning may profoundly transform the paradigm for designing novel pharmaceuticals and materials.However,the progress of many DL-assisted synthesis planning(DASP)algorithms has suffered from the lack of reliable automated pathway evaluation tools.As a critical metric for evaluating chemical reactions,accurate prediction of reaction yields helps improve the practicality of DASP algorithms in the real-world scenarios.Currently,accurately predicting yields of interesting reactions still faces numerous challenges,mainly including the absence of high-quality generic reaction yield datasets and robust generic yield predictors.To compensate for the limitations of high-throughput yield datasets,we curated a generic reaction yield dataset containing 12 reaction categories and rich reaction condition information.Subsequently,by utilizing 2 pretraining tasks based on chemical reaction masked language modeling and contrastive learning,we proposed a powerful bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)-based reaction yield predictor named Egret.It achieved comparable or even superior performance to the best previous models on 4 benchmark datasets and established state-of-the-art performance on the newly curated dataset.We found that reaction-condition-based contrastive learning enhances the model's sensitivity to reaction conditions,and Egret is capable of capturing subtle differences between reactions involving identical reactants and products but different reaction conditions.Furthermore,we proposed a new scoring function that incorporated Egret into the evaluation of multistep synthesis routes.Test results showed that yield-incorporated scoring facilitated the prioritization of literature-supported high-yield reaction pathways for target molecules.In addition,through meta-learning strategy,we further improved the reliability of the model's prediction for reaction types with limited data and lower data quality.Our results suggest that Egret holds the potential to become an essential component of the next-generation DASP tools.
查看更多>>摘要：Despite the promise of high flexibility and conformability of hydrogel ionic conductors,existing polymeric conductive hydrogels have long suffered from compromises in mechanical,electrical,and cryoadaptive properties due to monotonous functional improvement strategies,leading to lingering challenges.Here,we propose an all-in-one strategy for the preparation of poly(acrylic acid)/cellulose(PAA/Cel)hydrogel ionic conductors in a facile yet effective manner combining acrylic acid and salt-dissolved cellulose,in which abundant zinc ions simultaneously form strong coordination interactions with the two polymers,while free solute salts contribute to ionic conductivity and bind water molecules to prevent freezing.Therefore,the developed PAA/Cel hydrogel simultaneously achieved excellent mechanical,conductive,and cryogenically adaptive properties,with performances of 42.5 MPa for compressive strength,1.6 MPa for tensile strength,896.9％for stretchability,9.2 MJ m-3 for toughness,59.5 kJ m-2 for fracture energy,and 13.9 and 6.2 mS cm-1 for ionic conductivity at 25 and-70 ℃,respectively.Enabled by these features,the resultant hydrogel ionic conductor is further demonstrated to be assembled as a self-powered electronic skin(e-skin)with high signal-to-noise ratio for use in monitoring movement and physiological signals regardless of cold temperatures,with hinting that could go beyond high-performance hydrogel ionic conductors.
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