查看更多>>摘要：This paper proposes a collaborative planning model for active distribution network(ADN)and electric vehicle(EV)charging stations that fully considers vehicle-to-grid(V2G)func-tion and reactive power support of EVs in different regions.This paper employs a sequential decomposition method based on physical characteristics of the problem,breaking down the holistic problem into two sub-problems for solution.Subproblem I optimizes the charging and discharging behavior of autopilot electric vehicles(AEVs)using a mixed-integer linear program-ming(MILP)model.Subproblem Ⅱ uses a mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)model to plan ADN and retrofit or construct V2G charging stations(V2GCS),as well as multiple distributed generation resources(DGRs).The paper also analyzes the impact of bi-directional active-reactive power interaction of V2GCS on ADN planning.The presented model is tested in the 47-node ADN in Longgang District,Shenzhen,China,and the IEEE 33-node ADN,demonstrating that decom-position can significantly improve the speed of solving large-scale problems while maintaining accuracy with low AEV penetration.
查看更多>>摘要：An integrated energy system(IES)contributes to improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy development.For different dynamic characteristics of the system,such as demand/response schemes and complex coupling charac-teristics among energy sources,siting and sizing of multitype energy storage(MES)are very important for the economic operation of the IES.Considering the effect of the diversity of the IES on system reserve based on electricity,gas and heat systems in different scenarios,a two-stage MES optimal configuration model,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the first stage,to determine the location and charging/discharging strategies,a location choice model that minimizes the operating cost,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the second stage,a capacity choice model,to minimize the investment and maintenance cost of the MES,is proposed.Finally,an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the MES con-figuration method in this paper in handling operational diversity and ensuring system reserve.Compared with the configuration method that disregards the system reserve value,the results show that the MES configuration method proposed in this paper can reduce the annual investment cost and operating cost and improve the system reserve value.
查看更多>>摘要：Battery hybridization in hydropower plants is a hydropower flexibility enhancement technology innovation that can potentially expand hydropower's contributions to the grid,but its fundamental characteristics and influencing mechanisms are still unclear.In this paper,primary frequency regulation(PFR)performance and the mechanism of this new technology are studied.A battery hybridized hydropower plant(BH-HPP)model,based on a field-measured-data-based hydropower plant(HPP)model and a verified battery simplified model,is estab-lished.Analysis of system stability and dynamics is undertaken for three different battery control strategies by root locus and participation factor methods.Compared to conventional HPPs,analysis results theoretically reveal BH-HPP can not only accel-erate system regulation rapidity but also effectively enlarge HPP stability region during PFR process.Time domain simulation verifies the results and further shows synthetic control has better performance among introduced strategies.Besides,initial design ranges of control parameters considering battery capacity and a renewable energy source scenario case are also discussed.This work could provide theoretical support for flexibility enhance-ment solutions for hydropower systems.
查看更多>>摘要：Aiming at the problem of multi-point layout plan-ning of a multi-energy power system,the output characteristics of a multi-energy power system composed of wind power gen-eration,photovoltaic power generation,hydropower generation,traditional thermal power generation and solar thermal power generation are comprehensively analyzed.Combining power optimization planning with complex adaptive system theory,a multi-point layout planning model of multi-energy sources based on complex adaptive system theory is proposed.The model takes the minimum construction step size of each new energy source as the agent.Through the interaction between the agents and the accumulation of experience,the behavior rules are constantly changed,the installed positions of various types of power sources are adjusted,and the optimal layout scheme of various power capacities of each node is obtained.Moreover,an agent modeling method based on a simple rule emerging complex phenomena is proposed,which reveals the core idea of complex adaptive system theory—adaptability makes complexity.Taking an actual power grid in a certain region of China as an example,it is verified that the proposed method has a significant effect on improving the consumption of new energy,and has certain guiding significance for the actual engineering construction.
查看更多>>摘要：By considering the influence of renewable energy sources(RESs)integration on multi-area interconnected hybrid power systems,this paper proposes an equivalent input dis-turbance(EID)-based load frequency control(LFC)strategy,which can effectively overcome the factors of random distur-bance,model uncertainties and communication delay.First,an equivalent mathematical LFC model of an interconnected system is constructed.Then,the proposed robust controllers,based on the idea of EID,are designed to suppress the randomness and volatility of the renewable energy grid connection and coordinate the frequency fluctuation of the interconnected power system.Finally,the validity and superiority of the established topology structure and the superiority of the proposed strategy are demonstrated by dynamic time domain response experiments under the condition of high penetration of renewable energy.
查看更多>>摘要：For islanded microgrids(MGs),distributed control is regarded as a preferred alternative to centralized control for the frequency restoration of MGs.However,distributed control with successive communication restricts the efficiency and resilience of the control system.To address this issue,this paper proposes a distributed event-triggered control strategy for the frequency secondary control in islanded MGs.The proposed event-triggered control is Zeno behavior free and enables each DG to update and propagate its state to neighboring DGs only when a specific"event"occurs,which significantly reduces the communication burden.Compared with the existing event-triggered control,a trigger condition checking period of the proposed event-triggered control is provided to reduce the computation burden when checking the trigger condition.Furthermore,using the aperiodicity and intermittent properties of the communication,a simple detection principle is proposed to detect and isolate the compromised communication links in a timely and economic fashion,which improves the resilience of the system against FDI attacks.Finally,the control effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by the simulation results of the tests on an MG with 4 DGs.
查看更多>>摘要：Power-to-gas technology uses temporary surplus electricity to create either renewable hydrogen or renewable natural gas,which can then be stored in natural-gas pipelines and used when needed.As a result,P2G transforms conventional one-way coupling of a power/heat/natural-gas system into two-way coupling.Furthermore,its operating characteristics makes it possible to more effectively utilize wind-power.This paper describes a new optimal dispatch model for integrated electric-ity/gas/heat energy systems.The model considers the effective use of surplus wind-energy with electricity-to-gas equipment.First,a multi-energy network model is built,taking into account both equipment and network constraints.Then,we apply a novel two-layer optimization method,which uses P2G,to"absorb"wind power.While the top-layer model is used for the day-ahead dispatch of the natural-gas network containing P2G,the bottom-layer model describes the day-ahead economic dispatch of the electricity/heat system,which includes wind power.Based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher conditions of the bottom-layer model,the two-layer model is transformed into a single-layer model,and we linearize the nonlinear equation to convert the nonlinear model into a mix-integer linear programming problem,which is solvable using the General Algebraic Modeling System.Finally,numerical case-studies are performed to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
查看更多>>摘要：Industrial parks(IPs)play a crucial role in facilitat-ing economic efficiency and comprehensive energy utilization in the industrial age.At the same time,multi-energy coupling and management of various types of energy in IP have become serious challenges.In this paper,combined heat and power unit(CHP)model considering operation mode switching characteristics is formulated by exploring its internal composition to improve output flexibility of the energy supply side.Then,heat and electricity integrated energy system(HE-IES)optimal dispatch and pricing model are established,taking electricity and heat demand response strategy and steam thermal inertia property into account.Based on the above models,a mixed-integer bilinear programming framework is designed to coordinate the day-ahead operation and pricing strategy of the HE-IES in the IP.The scenario study is carried out on a practical industrial park in Southern China.Numerical results indicate the proposed mechanism can effectively improve IP's energy utilization and economic efficiency.
查看更多>>摘要：The bi-directional energy conversion components such as gas-fired generators(GfG)and power-to-gas(P2G)have enhanced the interactions between power and gas systems.This paper focuses on the steady-state energy flow analysis of an integrated power-gas system(IPGS)with bi-directional energy conversion components.Considering the shortcomings of adjusting active power balance only by single GfG unit and the capacity limitation of slack bus,a multi-slack bus(MSB)model is proposed for integrated power-gas systems,by combining the advantages of bi-directional energy conversion components in adjusting active power.The components are modeled as participating units through iterative participation factors solved by the power sensitivity method,which embeds the effect of system conditions.On this basis,the impact of the mixed problem of multi-type gas supply sources(such as hydrogen and methane generated by P2G)on integrated system is considered,and the gas characteristics-specific gravity(SG)and gross calorific value(GCV)are modeled as state variables to obtain a more accurate operational results.Finally,a bi-directional energy flow solver with iterative SG,GCV and participation factors is developed to assess the steady-state equilibrium point of IPGS based on Newton-Raphson method.The applicability of proposed methodology is demonstrated by analyzing an integrated IEEE 14-bus power system and a Belgian 20-node gas system.
查看更多>>摘要：With the help of advanced information technol-ogy,real-time monitoring and control levels of cyber-physical distribution systems(CPDS)have been significantly improved.However due to the deep integration of cyber and physical systems,attackers could still threaten the stable operation of CPDS by launching cyber-attacks,such as denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.Thus,it is necessary to study the CPDS risk assessment and defense resource allocation methods under DoS attacks.This paper analyzes the impact of DoS attacks on the physical system based on the CPDS fault self-healing control.Then,considering attacker and defender strategies and attack damage,a CPDS risk assessment framework is established.Furthermore,risk assessment and defense resource allocation methods,based on the Stackelberg dynamic game model,are proposed under conditions in which the cyber and physical systems are launched simultaneously.Finally,a simulation based on an actual CPDS is performed,and the calculation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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