查看更多>>摘要：Conventionally,an experimentally determined phase diagram requires studies of phase formation at a range of temperatures for each composition,which takes years of effort from multiple research groups.Combinatorial materials chip technology,featuring high-throughput synthesis and characterization,is able to determine the phase diagram of an entire composition spread of a binary or ternary system at a single temperature on one materials library,which,though significantly increasing efficiency,still requires many libraries processed at a series of temperatures in order to complete a phase diagram.In this paper,we propose a "one-chip method" to construct a complete phase diagram by individually synthesizing each pixel step by step with a progressive pulse of energy to heat at different temperatures while monitoring the phase evolution on the pixel in situ in real time.Repeating this process pixel by pixel throughout the whole chip allows the entire binary or ternary phase diagram to be mapped on one chip in a single experiment.The feasibility of this methodology is demonstrated in a study of a Ge-Sb-Te ternary alloy system,on which the amorphouscrystalline phase boundary is determined.
查看更多>>摘要：Efficient parallel screening of combinatorial libraries is one of the most challenging aspects of the high-throughput (HT) heterogeneous catalysis workflow.Today,a number of methods have been used in HT catalyst studies,including various optical,mass-spectrometry,and gaschromatography techniques.Of these,rapid-scanning Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging is one of the fastest and most versatile screening techniques.Here,the new design of the 16-channel HT reactor is presented and test results for its accuracy and reproducibility are shown.The performance of the system was evaluated through the oxidation of CO over commercial Pd/Al2O3 and cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized with different reducerreductant molar ratios,surfactant types,metal and surfactant concentrations,synthesis temperatures,and ramp rates.
查看更多>>摘要：The structure evolution of fluorinated graphite (CFx) upon the Li/Na intercalation has been studied by firstprinciples calculations.The Li/Na adsorption on single CF layer and intercalated into bulk CF have been calculated.The better cycling performance of Na intercalation into the CF cathode,comparing to that of Li intercalation,is attributed to the different strength and characteristics of the Li-F and Na-F interactions.The interactions between Li and F are stronger and more localized than those between Na and F.The strong and localized Coulomb attraction between Li and F atoms breaks the C--F bonds and pulls the F atoms away,and graphene sheets are formed upon Li intercalation.
查看更多>>摘要：Building cyber-physical system (CPS) models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control (CNC) system during the work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established.In this work-process model,a method based on instruction domain is applied to analyze the electronic big data,and a quantitative description of the numerical control (NC) processes is built according to the G code of the processes.Utilizing the instruction domain,a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate,real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks,resources,and status of the CNC machine tool.Using such models,case studies are conducted on intelligent-machining applications,such as the optimization of NC processing parameters and the health assurance of CNC machine tools.
Jia AnJoanne Ee Mei TeohRatima SuntornnondChee Kai Chua...
261-268页
查看更多>>摘要：A growing number of three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes have been applied to tissue engineering.This paper presents a state-of-the-art study of 3D-printing technologies for tissue-engineering applications,with particular focus on the development of a computer-aided scaffold design system;the direct 3D printing of functionally graded scaffolds;the modeling of selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes;the indirect additive manufacturing of scaffolds,with both micro and macro features;the development of a bioreactor;and 3D/4D bioprinting.Technological limitations will be discussed so as to highlight the possibility of future improvements for new 3D-printing methodologies for tissue engineering.
查看更多>>摘要：Cellular spheroids serving as three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tissue models have attracted increasing interest for pathological study and drug-screening applications.Various methods,including microwells in particular,have been developed for engineering cellular spheroids.However,these methods usually suffer from either destructive molding operations or cell loss and non-uniform cell distribution among the wells due to two-step molding and cell seeding.We have developed a facile method that utilizes cellembedded hydrogel arrays as templates for concave well fabrication and in situ MCF-7 cellular spheroid formation on a chip.A custom-built bioprinting system was applied for the fabrication of sacrificial gelatin arrays and sequentially concave wells in a high-throughput,flexible,and controlled manner.The ability to achieve in situ cell seeding for cellular spheroid construction was demonstrated with the advantage of uniform cell seeding and the potential for programmed fabrication of tissue models on chips.The developed method holds great potential for applications in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug screening.
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