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中国高等学校学术文摘·林学
中国高等学校学术文摘·林学

沈国舫

季刊

1673-3517

100029

北京市朝阳区惠新东街4号富盛大厦15层

中国高等学校学术文摘·林学/Journal Frontiers of Forestry in China
查看更多>>涉及领域包括森林生态、森林培育学、森林经理、自然保护区学、林木遗传育种、森林植物学、林木生理学、森林病虫害防治、森林资源信息管理、水土保持科学、林业经济管理、木材科学与技术、林产化工及其他相关学科。
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    Decomposition of leaf litter of four native broad-leaved tree species in south China

    Hao ZHANGLeeman CHUXueying ZHUANG
    450-457页
    查看更多>>摘要：Leaf litter decomposition of Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum camphora, Michelia macclurei and Myti-laria laosensis in mixed broad-leaved plantation and pine plantation was studied by the litterbag method for 1 year. Leaf litter decomposition rates of the four species were highest in Cinnamomum camphora, followed by Mytilaria laosensis, Michelia macclurei, and Castanopsis fissa. The decomposition rates of all four species were higher in the mixed than in pine plantation. The decomposition processes of all species followed Olson's exponential model. The decomposition coefficients (k) of all species were also higher in the mixed plantation and had the same order as the decomposition rates. The nitrogen contents of leaf litter of the different species studied increased initially and then decreased with time. Net release of N only occurred in pine plantation. Potassium contents appeared to decrease first but later increase, and net release was only found in mixed plantation. Calcium, magnesium and boron all showed similar pattern of initial increase followed by later decrease. They all had net release in both mixed and pine plantations. The release of phosphorus varied greatly between species and showed no clear trend.
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    Responses of decomposition rate, nutrient return, and composition of leaf litter to thinning intensities in a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation

    Guolei LIYong LIURuisheng LIBei GUO...
    458-463页
    查看更多>>摘要：It is important to study the effect of tree density on the substrate quality and decomposition rate of leaf litter in plantations. In 2002, an experiment of the effects of thinning intensities at four different levels (i.e., 0 (Ⅰ), 35.7% (Ⅱ), 49.2% (Ⅲ), and 64.2% (Ⅳ)) on undergrowth were carried out in an 18-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis plantation at an initial density of 3130 trees/hm2 in the middle of the hills of Yingpan, Yanqing County, Beijing. Three years later, the rates of decomposition, the amount of nutrients returned, and the characteristics of leaf litter were compared by a litter bag method. The results show that the annual loss of dry matter of leaf litter in plotsⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and IV was 25.81%, 26.25%, 27.68%, and 25.96%, respectively. The turnover of leaf litter was 10.04, 9.84, 9.24, and 9.97 years, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible and convenient to evaluate the effect of thinning on the rate of decomposition. In the first two months, the N, P, K, and Mg nutrients were released quickly. During the entire observation period of 14 months, the return of both N and Mg nutrients in the four plots exhibited a release-accumulation type of cycle. The return of P and K indicated a trend of release-accumulation and a relative balance. However, the return of Ca was far different from that of the other nutrients in the four plots. The total nutrient return of the four elements N, P, K, and Mg in the plots was 10.806, 31.016, 31.798, and 39.365 g/kg, respectively. Specifically, the quality of leaf litter in plot I was the worst in that N and Ca accumulated only 2.567 and 0.767 g/kg, respectively. Thinning did decrease the ratios of lignin to N and C to N and accelerated the rate of decomposition of leaf litter. The content of crude ash in leaf litter was enhanced by thinning, which prevented acid material, such as tannins and resins, from returning to the soil. The effect of thinning intensity was evaluated by the ratio of lignin to N, the ratio of C to N, and the ash content in leaf litter.
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    Comparison of gas exchanges between in situ and abscised leaves of high arbor trees: a case study of Cylobalanopsis glauca under three habitats

    Yuqing HUANGLing MOPing ZHAOZhongfeng ZHANG...
    464-471页
    查看更多>>摘要：It has been difficult to monitor the gas exchanges of tall arbor trees using portable equipment, e.g. Li-6400, as it is hard to reach to the leaf samples in situ. Due to the tree heights, we aimed to compare the gas exchange between in situ and abscised leaves of Cylobalanopsis glauca under three habitats, with the purpose of identifying a possible methodology with which we might be able to use abscised rather than in situ leaves. The results showed that after the samples were abscised, the leaf stomatal conductance (gs) immediately increased before dropping gradually later. The extent of this change was found to be temperature-dependent. The linear relationships either between gs and transpiration (E), or between gs and net photosynthesis (Pn) were significant but the former had a higher correlation, indicating that the opening of the stomata has a more intensive effect on E than on Pn. Temperature is a key factor affecting the variation of gas exchanges of the abscised leaves, with higher temperature in the karst area resulting in a rapid E loss and leading to the fact that water stress occurs earlier to the part stomatal closure, which in turn decreases Pn. A reliable duration for measuring the gas exchanges from the abscised leaves is determined by leaf temperature. In the karst area where the leaf temperature is frequently over 32°C in the summer, the reliable duration can last only 3- 6min after abscission, while in the Guilin Botanical Garden (non-karst area) with leaf temperatures of about 32°C, the reliable duration can last 10 min; in the green house, it is at around 20°C, and the reliable duration will possibly last 20 min.
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    Evolution of the forest's attributes and matching policy

    Junkai GAO
    472-477页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to the embarrassment that may occur from trying to define the forest in the present situation, this paper gives a new approach through the functional analysis of the forest rather than a simple physical description. Here, the forest is now actually the result of natural and social work. The forest has provided the environment, the economic resources and the infrastructure, respectively, and for now, the forest appears as a structured body and takes responsibility in modern human society. With its characteristics of varied hierarchical structure, limited functions, an open system, a dynamic system, moderate mould ability, varied stable equilibrium, etc., it is suggested that the related matching policy on forests should be updated as follows: to define the forest in its entirety, to specialize the public management, to diversify the management objectives, and to cultivate the forest as a continuous procedure. From the experiences of developed countries, we establish a new state-owned forest system.
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    AFLP analysis of Fusarium circinatum and relative species

    Tailin LIAOJianren YEJiandong CHEN
    478-483页
    查看更多>>摘要：AFLP fingerprinting analysis of Fusarium circinatum, Nirenberg and O'Donnell and relative species was carried out. Ten primer-pairs that could generate abundant polymorphism fragments were screened. A total of 298 nucleotide acid fragments were amplified with the primers from the template of the 17 strains of Fusarium spp., among which 283 fragments were polymorphic. Percentage of polymorphic loci produced by each pair of AFLP primer-pair was 94.97% in average and varied from 89.29% to 100%. All these data indicated that considerable genetic variation existed among F. circinatum and relative species at DNA level. Molecular genetic distances among Fusarium spp. were calculated, and the relationship among them was described quantitatively. Compared with biological species, the result of cluster analysis was basically similar to the phenotypic classification of species. Genetic diversity of E-AT/M-CAA AFLP fingerprinting of Fusarium spp. was analyzed, and specific and difference bands for each species and all Fusarium section Liseola tested were identified based on the E-AT/M-CAA AFLP fingerprinting.
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    Ultrastructural analysis of the differentiation process of secondary xylem vessel element in Populus deltoides

    Zengfang YINRuwen FAN
    484-488页
    查看更多>>摘要：Using electronic microscopy, ultrastructural changes were observed during differentiation in a secondary xylem vessel element (VE) in Populus deltoides. Results showed that morphological development of VE differentiation was successively divided into three stages. First was primary cell wall outspread (the initial stage), where the VE was highly vacuolated and the protoplasma distributed along the cell wall. Second was secondary cell wall construction (the pivotal stage), where substances accumulated before the tonoplast broke, and the VE organelle was distinct. Golgi bodies and vesicles, which were associated closely with synthesis and transportation of secondary cell wall substances, were also abundant. After the tonoplast broke, these substances accumulated faster. Simultaneously, the protoplasm was disaggregated and the agglomerated chromatin was distributed over the margin of the nucleus, showing the typical characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD). During secondary cell wall formation, no cell wall substances accumulated between the terminal cell walls of neighboring VEs. In addition, terminal cell wall substances were disaggregated in the post secondary cell wall formation. Later, when the remnant terminal cell wall was broken in the third stage, perforation occurred. Thus, for these successive stages of VE differentiation, the critical stage, when differentiation was not reversible, was at the start of secondary cell wall formation with succeeding VE differentiation similar to a typical PCD process.
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    Phylogenetic relationship of genus Lespedeza by ITS sequence data

    Xiurong WANGYang ZHAORuiqi PIANXiaoyang CHEN...
    489-493页
    查看更多>>摘要：ITS sequences of ten kinds of plants of Lespedeza and an out group were obtained by primer design PCR, sequencing and cluster analysis. The results show that ITS1 section length was 228-243 bp, 5.8S sequence length was 165 bp which was very conservative; ITS2 section lengths varied from 215 to 220 bp and the conservative sites occupied 88.1%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences using PAUP 4.0 software and their genetic relationship were discussed.
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    Cytochemical localization of H+-ATPase and sub-cellular variation in mesophyll cells of salt-treated Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

    Ruiling YAOShengzuo FANG
    494-500页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings of three provenances were treated with three levels of salt (0, 51.0 and 85.0 mmol/L NaCl) in a hydroponic system of a phytotron. The ultrastructural distribution of H+-ATPase activity and ultrastructural variation were investigated in mesophyll cells of C. paliurus seedlings after 12 or 20 days of salt treatment. The results showed that under normal growing conditions, H+-ATPase activity was low and localized mainly in the nucleus. After 12 days of salt treatment and an increase in salinity, we found that the greater the H+-ATPase activity, the lighter the damage suffered by mesophyll subcells after 20 days of salt treatment and the stronger the salt-adaptation ability of seedlings. The location of H+-ATPase, largely in the nucleus, indicated that salt-damage suffered by the seedlings was light, whereas its presence, mainly in the vacuoles, showed that salt-damage was more serious. Our preliminary conclusion is that the salt-tolerance level of C. paliurus seedlings for the three kinds of provenances was in the following order, from high to low: Huangshan seedlings from Anhui Province > Kunming seedlings from Yunnan Province > Jiujiang seedlings from Jiangxi Province.
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    Initiation and development of resin ducts in the major organs of Pinus massoniana

    Aimin LIYurong WANGHong WU
    501-507页
    查看更多>>摘要：The structure, distribution and patterns of resin ducts in processes of its initiation and development were studied with the methods of thin section and ultrathin section. This paper emphasized the ultrastructural changes during canal development by a ring of the live epithelial cells, and the epithelial cells were usually surrounded with one or two layered sheath cells, which were normal parenchyma cells in some primary resin ducts and became dead cells with thick walls in other primary and secondary resin ducts. The resin ducts were found to occur in almost all organs, except in cotyledon. The resin ducts were formed by schizogeny and their development can be divided into three stages (e.g., initial stage, formation stage and mature stage). At the initial stage, the initial cells had many plastids without integral membrane structures, which contain one or two starch grains in them, and there are a few black osmiophilic droplets on the endoplasmic reticulum and membranes. A small number of osmiophilic droplets were present in the plastids. At the formation stage, the number of plastids, mitochondria and Golgi bodies in epithelial cells increased. The plastids were commonly surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum sheath. The larger osmiophilic droplets in cytoplasm and the smaller osmiophilic droplets on the plastids envelope, mitochondrion envelope and Golgi vesicles obviously increased in number during canal developing. At the mature stage, the cytoplasm of epithelial cells became thin with small nucleus. The number of mitochondria and Golgi body decreased, but numerous plastids still existed.Osmiophilic droplets were abundant in epithelial cells as in previous status. Taken together, the structures of plastids in epithelial cells gradually became well developed and the synthesis of resin was remarkably enhanced during resin duct formation and plastids should be the main site for resin synthesis.
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    Biological characteristics of five wood-rotting fungi and wood-decaying ability to Betula platyphylla

    Xin LIUMin ZHAOQiuyu WANG
    508-515页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this paper, the growth rate of five wood- rotting fungi, i.e., Coriolus versicolor, Irpex lacteus, Fomes fomentarius, Piptoporus betulinus and Pholiota adiposa, in solid medium and their biomass in liquid culture medium were compared by measuring mycelium length and dry mass. The activity of three main ligninolytic enzymes in those fungi, namely LiP, MnP and Lac, were also tested by colorimetry. At the same time, these fungi were used to decay the wood samples from 300 natural trees of white birch, to study their wood-decaying ability by measuring wood mass loss. The result showed that the growth rate, biomass, ligninolytic enzyme activity, and wood-decaying ability of the fungi were incompletely correlated. The growth rates of C. versicolor and I. lacteus were faster than those of P. betulinus and F. fomentarius; P. adiposa was the slowest in growth. The biomass of P. betulinus was the highest; C. versicolor, I. lacteus and F. fomentarius were in the middle, and P. adiposa was the lowest. There existed LiP, MnP and Lac activities in all fungi except P. betulinus, and the enzyme activities induced by wood powder were all higher than those of the control. The Lac of I. lacteus and the LiP of F. fomentarius and P. adiposa were only expressed in wood powder medium; the longer the fungi were cultured, the higher activity the enzyme had. The decomposition ability of C. versicolor to wood samples was the highest, followed by F. fomentarius and P. betulinus; I. lacteus and P. adiposa were the lowest.
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