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中国农学前沿
高等教育出版社，Springer
中国农学前沿

高等教育出版社，Springer

季刊

1673-7334

100029

北京市朝阳区惠新东街4号富盛大厦15层

中国农学前沿/Journal Frontiers of Agriculture in China
查看更多>>涉及领域主要包括作物学、园艺学、植物保护、农业资源利用、畜牧、水产、兽医学、食品科学与加工等。
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    Genetic diversity studies of coarse and fine rice using RAPD markers

    Saeed ARSHADAhsan IQBALSehar NAWAZNisar AHMED...
    129-134页
    查看更多>>摘要：The availability of a genetically diverse gene pool is vitally important in varietal development. Molecular markers are being extensively utilized to explore the genetic diversity among native and exotic germplasm. This study was designed to reveal the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 20 accessions/genotypes representative of basmati and non-basmati rice from the existing rice gene pool using RAPD markers. Employing RAPD, 17 decamer oligonucleotide primers directed the amplification of 116 fragments, out of which 101 were polymorphic (87.06%) while 15 fragments were monomorphic (12.93%). Similarity coefficients had ranged from 0.47 to 0.90. The average genetic similarity was calculated 0.68 (68%). In this study, the coarse rice genotypes showed more polymorphism (85.84%) than the fine rice genotypes (61.76%). Genotypes were clustered into 8 distinct groups: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H but two genotypes, i.e., Shadab and Kangni-27 showed divergence from all the genotypes of the groups. Therefore, these diverse genotypes may be included in future breeding programmes.
      原文链接:
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    Assessment of the combining ability and authentication of F1 hybrids using SSR markers in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

    Muhammad Shahzad AHMEDIhsan KHALIQJehanzeb FAROOQShahid Iqbal AWAN...
    135-140页
    查看更多>>摘要：Six wheat genotypes (three female and three male) were crossed for the study of some quantitative traits in wheat. Analysis of variance showed a highly significant difference for all the characters except flag leaf area, which was significant. Testers revealed that LU26S was the best general combiner only for plant height. Mehraj showed a good general combining ability effect on plant height, flag leaf area, peduncle length, and 1000-grain weight. Farid 2006 was the best male parent as general combiner for plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of grains per spike, and grain yield per plant. The wheat parental lines revealed that 9381 was the best general combiner for plant height, flag leaf area, peduncle length, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Whereas 9428 was the best general combiner for flag leaf area, spike length, and number of spikelets per spike. Among crosses, LU26S × 9272, LU26S × 9381, Mehraj × 9272, and Mehraj × 9381 showed a significant effect of specific combining ability (SCA) on grain yield per plant. Other crosses with significant and positive SCA effects were LU26S × 9272 on plant height and 1000-grain weight grain yield per plant, LU26S × 9428 on peduncle length, and Mehraj × 9381 on plant height and grain yield per plant. These crosses with significant effects of general combining ability (GCA) on grain yield per plant can be used in the development of new varieties. These crosses with nonadditive genes would give transgressive segregants. For yield improvement, vigilant selection of the potent transgressive segregants through family selection would be valuable for yield enhancement. A total of 15 SSR primers of Xgwm series and 5 of X series were used to find out the codominant loci in the hybrid and single dominant loci in parents. Out of 15 primers only, Xgwm-314 gave the polymorphic banding pattern. This primer showed the polymorphic dominant loci in the parents (LU26S, Mehraj, 9272 and 9381) and codominant loci midway between these parents. Therefore, this SSR primer was used to confirm the two best performing hybrids (LU26S × 9272 and Mehraj × 9381) on the bases of positively significant effects of GCA and SCA on plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant, and other economically important traits. The two hybrids namely LU26S × 9272 and Mehraj × 9381 can be used in the further breeding program for the development of high yielding varieties.
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    Comparative studies on some yield contributing traits of wheat sown in binary mixtures

    Sabina ASGHARMuhammad KASHIFAbdus Salam KHANIhsan KHALIQ...
    141-145页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cultivar mixtures have been suggested as ways to increase crop productivity. This field study was conducted to investigate the competition among five cultivated varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for the traits like plant height, flag leaf area, fertile tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, spike density, grain weight per spike, and seed index in relation to competition with yield per plant. It was observed that cultivar mixtures ought to be more productive than corresponding pure stands. Four binary combinations of Seher2006-Kohistan97, Farid2006-SH2002, SH2002-Shahkar95, and SH2002-Kohistan97 were superior in performance, showing land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater than one for plant height, fertile tillers per plant, spike density, grain weight per spike, and grain yield per plant. It was observed that the performance of binary mixtures was mainly due to the increased average performance in spike density, grain weight per spike, and grain yield per plant. The competitive ability of wheat varieties in mixtures was independent of each other for the respective traits, which lead to cumulative effects for the increased performance within the associates in mixtures.
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    A proteomic approach to investigating the promotive effects of brassinolide on root growth of rice seedling's

    Shenghui LIFengru WANGJingao DONG
    146-151页
    查看更多>>摘要：Brassinolide influenced rice (Oryza sativa L.) root growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Roots grown in 0.1 nmol/L BL were 28% longer than those in the control. On the other hand, the roots grown in 1000 nmol/L BL were 65% shorter in comparison with those in the control. To investigate how BL influences rice root growth, proteome analysis techniques were applied. After BL treatments, total proteins from rice root were extracted separately. Extracted proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed using an automated protein sequencer and mass spectrometer. There were 33 proteins that showed differences in the accumulation levels as a result of treatments with BL. Proteins related to stress tolerance, enzymes, and cell structure were mainly found in the root. There were many proteins regulated by other hormone or light also. Results suggest that the physiologic functions of these proteins detected using powerful proteome analysis are implicated in root elongation triggered by BL. High-level brassinosteriod (BR) indicated that IAA amidohydrolase, which can release active IAA from IAA pool was increased, and the IAA level was so high that the root length was inhibited.
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    Identification of QTLs for biomass production in maize (Zea mays L.) under different phosphorus levels at two sites

    Junyi CHENYilin CAILi XUJiuguang WANG...
    152-161页
    查看更多>>摘要：The biomass production (BP), the leaf age (LA), and the plant height (PH) as well as the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits were determined for F2:3 population derived from the cross of two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes: 082 and Ye107. By using composite interval mapping, a total of 12 and 12 distinct QTLs were identified at Kaixian and Southwest University under deficient phosphorus. Another 9 and 8 distinct QTLs were identified at two sites under normal phosphorus, respectively. Seven coincident QTLs for two traits (BP and LA) were detected in the interval bnlg1832-P2M8/j (bin 1.05) on Chromosome 1, and four consistent QTLs for one trait (PH) were coincident in the interval umcll02-P1M7/d (bin 3.05) on Chromosome 3. These coincident QTLs in two important genomic regions were identified under different phosphorus levels and two different environments. Therefore, the above two segments one (bnlg1832-P2M8/j) identified in Chromosome 1 and the other (umc1102-P1M7/d) identified in Chromosome 3 may be used in future for marker-assisted selection and high-resolution mapping leading to map-based cloning of QTLs for agrouomically important traits under phosphorus deficiency.
      原文链接:
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    The molecular characterization and function of miRNAs on mediation of target gene silencing in plants

    Chengjin GUOJuntao GUXiaojuan LIWenjing LU...
    162-172页
    查看更多>>摘要：MiRNAs belong to one type of noncoding RNAs involved in developmental regulation, genome maintenance, and defense in eukaryotes. In plants, the miRNAs are involved in many molecular interactions, including interfere with expression of mRNAs encoding factors that control developmental processes, stem cell maintenances, auxin responses, and other developmental and physiologic processes. In this paper, the molecular characterization and the functions of miRNAs on mediation of target gene silencing in plants have been overviewed. Further studies on the miRNAs will be helpful for elucidation of the molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants.
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    Comparative karyotypic analysis of A and C genomes in the genus Oryza with Cot-1 DNA and RFLP

    Junbo ZHOUWeizhen LANRui QIN
    173-180页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza sativa L. (AA), O. Glaberrima (AA), and O. Officinalis Wall. (CC) with a labeled probe of C0t-1 DNA. Genomic in situ hybridization to its own chromosomes (self-GISH) was conducted in a control experiment. The homologous chromosomes showed similar signal bands probed by C0t-1 DNA, while karyotypic analysis of chromosomes between A genome in the two cultivated species and C genome in O. Officinalis were conducted based on the band patterns. The ideograms with C0t-1 DNA signal bands were also built. The nonuniform distribution of hybridization signals of C0t-1 DNA from O. Sativa and that on its own chromosome of O. Officinalis were observed. However, the similarity and correspondence between C0t-1 DNA signal patterns and genomic DNA signal patterns indicated that the self-GISH signals actually resulted from the hybridization of genomic repetitive sequences to the chromosomes. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker, R2676, from the chromosome 8 of O. Sativa and O. Officinalis, was used as a probe to somatic hybrid on chromosomes for comparative karyotypic analysis between O. Glaberrina and O. Officinalis. The results showed that R2676 was located on the short arm of chromosome 7 in O. Officinalis and chromosome 4 in O. Glaberrima. The percentage distances from the centromere to hybridization sites were 91.56±-5.62 and 86.20±3.17. Our results revealed that the relative length of O. Officinalis chromosome 8 does not follow conventional chromosome length in descending order of number. C0t-1 DNA of A genome signals were detected in the end of the short arm of O. Officinalis chromosome 8, indicating that the highly and moderately repetitive DNA sequences in this region were considerably similar between C and A genomes. However, the fluorescence intensity on the chromosomes of C0t-1 DNA ofA genome was less than that of its own C genome from O. O~cinalis, which would be one of the causes for the fact that highly and moderately repetitive DNA sequences were amplified in O. Officinalis. No homology signal of C0t-1 DNA from O. Sativa was detected in the end of the long arm of O. Glaberrima, indicating that repetitive DNA sequences of A genome in two cultivated rice were lost in the evolutional history. In this paper, using comparative karyotypic analysis of RFLP combined C0t-1 DNA signal bands, the evolutionary mechanism of genome in genus Oryza was also discussed.
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    Knockdown of ACS9 expression in Arabidopsis decreases the tolerance to salt and osmotic stress

    Xueli HANYonggang PANYingchao LIUJihong XING...
    181-186页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on the DNA sequence of ACS9, two produced fragments were subcloned into binary vector pCAMBIA1300 in antisense and sense orientations, and the generated RNA interference (RNAi) vector was then transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The stress resistance function of ACS9 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana was researched by determination of stress resistance physiologic indexes, NaCl and PEG6000 resistance. The results showed that the inhibition of ACS9 expression enhanced the sensitivity to high concentration NaCl (150 mmol/L) and PEG6000 (7%) in Arabidopsis thaliana seeding stage. The proline contents and water loss rates in transgenic plants were 0.68 and 1.4 times higher than those in the wild-type leaves, respectively, indicating that the inhibition of ACS9 expression due to salt and drought resistant was reduced and suggested that ACS9 gene played important roles in plant salt and drought tolerance.
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    Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases and their roles in mediation of signal transduction in abiotic stresses

    Ruijuan LIChengjin GUOXiaojuan LIJuntao GU...
    187-195页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a central role in transfer information from diverse receptors/sensors to a wide range of cellular responses in plants. MAP kinases are organized into a complex network for efficient transmission of specific stimuli, including the abiotic stress signaling. In recent years, the mutants of loss-of-function and gain-of-function, and other additional tools are used to investigate the plant MAPK cascades. This review has summarized the recent progress on the MAPK cascade involved in mediation of the transduction of several pronounced abiotic stress signalings, such as salt, drought, low and high temperature, wound, hormone, and deficient nutrients. Currently, although part of the components of the MAPK cascade responding to the abiotic stresses have been identified, the integral molecular mechanisms of the abiotic stresses signaling transduction mediated via MAPK cascade are largely unknown and need to be elucidated further in the future.
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    Cloning of endo-β-glucanase Igene and expression in Pichia pastoris

    Yu BAIRunfang GUOHongwei YULong JIAO...
    196-200页
    查看更多>>摘要：Total RNA of Thermoascus aurantiacus was isolated from its mycelium and acted as template for RT-PCR. The full-length cDNA encoding an endo-β-glucanase I was cloned via RACE-PCR method and the eDNA contained an ORF of 1005 bp encoding 305 amino acids. A recombinant plasmid, pPIC9k-egI, was constructed by inserting the ORF sequence of endo-β-glucanase I gene (egl) into the yeast expression vector pPIC9k and transformed to Pichia pastoris GS115. The results showed that the recombinant endo-β-glucanase I was excreted into the fermentation medium. The ghest activity of endo-β-glucanase I and the protein content were up to 45.42 U/mL and 788.26 μg/mL at incubation time of 144 h. The optimal temperature and pH for the recombinant endo-β-glucanase I were found to be 70℃ and 3.5, respectively.
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