期刊,中国科学:地球科学（英文版） 2024年卷7期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7313

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

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收录年代

Compound events of heatwave and dust storm in the Taklamakan Desert

Yuzhi LIUJianping HUANGZiyuan TANChenglong ZHOU...

2073-2083页

查看更多>>摘要：Taklamakan Desert(TD)has been characterized by numerous heatwaves and dust storms,leading to negative effects on societies and ecosystems at regional and global scales.However,the association between heatwaves and dust storms is poorly known.In this study,we describe the association between heatwaves and dust events and propose a mechanism for such compound events in the TD.The results show that,from 1993 to 2022,the frequency and intensity of heatwaves in the TD have increased at a rate of 0.21 days year-1 and 0.02℃ year-1,respectively.More than 40％of heatwaves existed with dust events,which significantly lagged behind heatwaves.Mechanically,the higher the air temperature,the hotter and drier the soil,leading to more dust emissions in the TD.In high-occurrence heatwave years,a large-scale wave train of"cyclone-anticyclone-cyclone"in the northwest-southeast direction was found,with the anticyclone of which hovered over the TD region.The anomalous anticyclones favored the formation and maintenance of heatwaves,and subsequent anomalous cyclones in the wave train triggered strong dust events followed by heatwaves.With climate warming,the compound events of heatwave and dust storm are becoming bigger hazards threatening the socioeconomic and ecological security in the TD,the profound study of which is critical to understanding regional extreme responses.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

Lin WANGWen CHENGang HAUNGTing WANG...

2084-2102页

查看更多>>摘要：In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms re-sponsible.The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales.By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed.Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006-2014.Among them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of occurrence.These events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,etc.Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation.As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC.During 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific.The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows.On the one hand,the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the North Pacific,with the northeasterly winds on its southwest flank extending to Southeast Asia,hindering moisture transport into SWC.On the other hand,the warming of the warm pool excites anomalous cyclonic circulation to its northwest,also giving rise to northeasterly wind anomalies over SWC.Meanwhile,the ascending motion over the warm pool region diverges at upper levels with outflows converging aloft over SWC,which further induces compensating downward motion there.The combined effect of the above two remote forcings establishes a climatic background state unfavorable for precipitation over SWC at long time scales,thus constituting a crucial prerequisite for the superimposition of short-term precipitation anomalies to develop into super droughts.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Physical mechanism of the rapid increase in intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves in the Northern Hemisphere since 1980

Yuqing WANGWen ZHOUChunzai WANG

2103-2121页

查看更多>>摘要：Since 1980,both the intensity and duration of summer heatwaves in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have significantly increased,leading this region to become a critical area for a significant increase in the frequency of intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves.We found that stronger and more persistent high-pressure systems and lower soil moisture before the events were the main drivers of intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves in western Europe and the middle and high latitudes of North America.However,in eastern Europe and Siberia,lower cloud cover before events is also a main driver of this type of extreme heatwave,in addition to the above drivers.These factors are coupled with each other and can change heatwave intensity and duration by influencing surface radiation processes during events.Using the self-organizing map classification method,we found that 6 weather patterns with increased frequency,intensity,and duration were the main dynamic reasons leading to the increase in intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves after 1980.In addition,the decrease in summer average soil moisture in most areas of the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the decrease in average cloud cover in eastern Europe and Siberia are found to be the main thermodynamic reasons leading to the increase in these extreme heatwaves.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Bivariate attribution of the compound hot and dry summer of 2022 on the Tibetan Plateau

Baiquan ZHOUPanmao ZHAIZhen LIAO

2122-2136页

查看更多>>摘要：The extraordinarily high temperatures experienced during the summer of 2022 on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)demand attention when compared with its typical climatic conditions.The absence of precipitation alongside the elevated temperatures resulted in 2022 being the hottest and driest summer on record on the TP since at least 1961.Recognizing the susceptibility of the TP to climate change,this study employed large-ensemble simulations from the HadGEM3-A-N216 attribution system,together with a copula-based joint probability distribution,to investigate the influence of anthropogenic forcing,primarily global greenhouse gas emissions,on this unprecedented compound hot and dry event(CHDE).Findings revealed that the return period for the 2022 CHDE on the TP exceeds 4000 years,as determined from the fitted joint distributions derived using observational data spanning 1961-2022.This CHDE was directly linked to large-scale circulation anomalies,including the control of equivalent-barotropic high-pressure anomalies and the northward displacement of the subtropical westerly jet stream.Moreover,anthropogenic forcing has,to some extent,promoted the surface warming and increased variability in precipitation on the TP in summer,establishing conditions conducive for the 2022 CHDE from a long-term climate change perspective.The return period for a 2022-like CHDE on the TP was estimated to be approximately 283 years(142-613 years)by the large ensemble forced by both anthropogenic activities and natural factors.Contrastingly,ensemble simulations driven solely by natural forcing indicated that the likelihood of occurrence of a 2022-like CHDE was almost negligible.These outcomes underscore that the contribution of anthropogenic forcing to the probability of a 2022-like CHDE was 100％,implying that without anthropogenically induced global warming,a comparable CHDE akin to that observed in 2022 on the TP would not be possible.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Seasonal prediction of extreme high-temperature days over the Yangtze River basin

Shifeng PANZhicong YINMingkeng DUANTingting HAN...

2137-2147页

查看更多>>摘要：Extreme high temperatures occur frequently over the densely populated Yangtze River basin(YRB)in China during summer,significantly impacting the local economic development and ecological system.However,accurate prediction of extreme high-temperature days in this region remains a challenge.Unfortunately,the Climate Forecast System Version 2(CFSv2)exhibits poor performance in this regard.Thus,based on the interannual increment approach,we develop a hybrid seasonal prediction model over the YRB(HMYRB)to improve the prediction of extreme high-temperature days in summer.The HMYRB relies on the following four predictors:the observed preceding April-May snowmelt in north western Europe;the snow depth in March over the central Siberian Plateau;the CFSv2-forecasted concurrent summer sea surface temperatures around the Maritime Continent;and the 200-hPa geopotential height over the Tibetan Plateau.The HMYRB indicates good capabilities in predicting the interannual variability and trend of extreme high-temperature days,with a markable correlation coefficient of 0.58 and a percentage of the same sign(PSS)of 76％during 1983-2015 in the one-year-out cross-validation.Additionally,the HM YRB maintains high PSS skill(86％)and robustness in the independent prediction period(2016-2022).Furthermore,the HMYRB shows a good performance for years with high occurrence of extreme high-temperature days,with a hit ratio of 40％.These predictors used in HMYRB are beneficial in terms of the prediction skill for the average daily maximum temperature in summer over the YRB,albeit with biases existing in the magnitude.Our study provides promising insights into the prediction of 2022-like hot extremes over the YRB in China.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Challenges and opportunities in Quaternary palynology

Qinghai XUHouyuan LUZhuo ZHENG

2148-2161页

查看更多>>摘要：Quaternary palynology plays a pivotal role in investigating global climate change and various other research fields,serving as an essential tool for the quantitative analysis of paleoenvironment changes.However,due to the vast diversity of terrestrial ecosystems and intricate interactions between vegetation,climate,and human activities,further advancements are required in the following aspects within this discipline.(1)The accuracy of classification in pollen morphology and fossil pollen identification needs improvement,particularly at the species level.This represents a significant challenge in present Quaternary palynology.Computer-aided intelligent recognition holds promise as a solution for species identification based on more detail pollen morphology.(2)Most pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstructions overlook the significance of bare ground.Neglecting bare ground can lead to substantial inaccuracies when quantitatively reconstructing past vegetation and climate.(3)While pollen records provide reliable information on paleoclimate changes,current quantitative climate reconstruction models heavily rely on modem pollen datasets derived from present-day vegetation disturbed more or less by human activities.This introduces bias and uncertainties into paleoclimate reconstruction.(4)Although pollen can serve as an indicator of human activities,accurately quantifying the intensity of human influence remains challenging.Improving accurate identification of crop pollen,reconstructing reliable land cover/use data,and integrating multidisciplinary data may enhance the identification and quantification of signals related to human activity in pollen records.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in clay minerals from the eastern Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 ka and their indications

Xiaoyan ZHANGChunxia ZHANGYan ZHAOBin HU...

2162-2177页

查看更多>>摘要：Clay mineral proxies have been widely used to reconstruct changes in provenance and the paleoclimate.However,high-altitude clay mineral indications and long-term and orbital variations have not been fully explored.Herein,we present an 800-ka clay-mineral record from a lacustrine sediment core(ZB13-C2)from the Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the clay mineral assemblages and their micro-morphological characteristics of core ZB13-C2.The results revealed that the clay minerals in core ZB13-C2 are mainly illite,with small amounts of chlorite,kaolinite,and smectite(including irregular mixed-layers of illite-smectite(I/S)and chlorite-smectite(C/S)).The clay mineral assemblages and proxies exhibit three stages of change,which are mainly controlled by the Zoige watershed range under different climate conditions.The watershed was limited to the southeastern region with altitudes ranging from～3500 to～4200 meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and glacial-interglacial hydraulic erosion controlled the input of bedrock debris during 800-621 ka BP.It expanded to higher altitudes(～4200 to～4700 m a.s.l.)due to stronger seasonal freeze-thaw weathering without significant glacial-interglacial variations under a cooling and drying climate during 621-100 ka BP.Finally,it expanded to its highest altitudes of～4700 to～5200 m a.s.l.northwest of the watershed after 100 ka BP,and hydraulic erosion increased obviously under a warm climate of the interstadial MIS 3 on the TP.The watershed underwent two major expansions under different climatic conditions at～621 ka and 100kaBP,with the wet/dry alternation became strong at～621 ka BP.These results reveal that long-term temperature changes and the wet/dry alternation at high altitudes controlled the watershed range and degree of the physical erosion,and that the indications of clay minerals should be carefully clarified before they are used as climate indicators,especially on the TP.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Risk assessment of agricultural green water security in Northeast China under climate change

Jingxuan SUNGuangxin ZHANGYanfeng WULiwen CHEN...

2178-2194页

查看更多>>摘要：Northeast China is an important base for grain production,dominated by rain-fed agriculture that relies on green water.However,in the context of global climate change,rising regional temperatures,changing precipitation patterns,and increasing drought frequency pose threats and challenges to agricultural green water security.This study provides a detailed assessment of the spatiotemporal characteristics and development trends of green water security risks in the Northeast region under the base period(2001-2020)and the future(2031-2090)climate change scenarios(SSP245 and SSP585)using the green water scarcity(GWS)index based on raster-scale crop spatial distribution data,Delta downscaling bias-corrected ERA5 data,and CMIP6 multimodal data.During the base period,the green water risk-free zone for dry crops is mainly distributed in the center and east of the Northeast region(72.4％of the total area),the low-risk zone is primarily located in the center(14.0％),and the medium-risk(8.3％)and high-risk(5.3％)zones are mostly in the west.Under SSP245 and SSP585 future climate change scenarios,the green water security risk shows an overall expansion from the west to the center and east,with the low-risk zone increasing to 21.6％and 23.8％,the medium-risk zone increasing to 16.0％and 17.9％,and the high-risk zone increasing to 6.9％and 6.8％,respectively.Considering dry crops with GWS greater than 0.1 as in need of irrigation,the irrigated area increases from 27.6％(base period)to 44.5％(SSP245)and 48.6％(SSP585),with corresponding increases in irrigation water requirement(IWR)of 4.64 and 5.92 billion m3,respectively,which further exacerbates conflicts between supply and demand of agricultural water resources.In response to agricultural green water security risks,coping strategies such as evapotranspiration(ET)-based water resource management for dry crops and deficit irrigation are proposed.The results of this study can provide scientific basis and decision support for the development of Northeast irrigated agriculture and the construction planning of the national water network.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Large porewater exchange reshapes saltmarsh carbon and greenhouse gas budgets on local and global scales

Xiaogang CHENIsaac R.SANTOSLucheng ZHANYu Yan YAU...

2195-2209页

查看更多>>摘要：Saltmarshes are carbon-rich ecosystems that play a role in climate regulation by efficiently sequestrating atmospheric CO2.Climate change is a major threat to saltmarshes and will impact saltmarsh carbon sequestration.Notably,porewater-derived carbon outwelling emerges as a crucial pathway for carbon sequestration,but it has been largely overlooked in saltmarshes.Here,we assessed the drivers of dissolved carbon exports and greenhouse gas emissions in a saltmarsh and placed those observations into a global context.In our study site,porewater exchange(PEX)was the major process controlling dissolved carbon and greenhouse gas dynamics.Combining our results with 33 other studies in saltmarshes worldwide,porewater-derived carbon fluxes were equivalent to～48％of average global saltmarsh primary productivity and 2.2 times greater than global organic carbon burial.Hence,our local observations and global upscaling demonstrate the major role played by PEX in saltmarsh carbon budgets.While part of dissolved inorganic carbon returns to the atmosphere as CO2,the remaining bicarbonate fraction is stored in the ocean over long time scales.Our findings strengthen global blue carbon assessments and build arguments for the use of saltmarshes as nature-based solutions for global climate change.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Characteristics and influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin:A Meta-analysis

Shurui HUANGPeijia ZHANGWenxiu ZHENGJiajia ZHANG...

2210-2225页

查看更多>>摘要：Reservoir construction and operation profoundly alter the hydrological,hydrodynamic,and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes of rivers.However,current research still lacks a systematic understanding of the characteristics of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.This study integrates existing monitoring data to discuss the characteristics of GHG emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin and illustrate the controlling factors and underlying mechanism of these processes.The results indicate that while CO2 emission flux from reservoirs is lower than that from river channels,the emission fluxes of CH4 and N2O are 1.9 times and 10 times those from rivers,respectively,indicating that the emission of GHG with stronger radiative effect is significantly enhanced in reservoirs.Compared to the reservoirs in humid climates(e.g.,the Three Gorges Reservoir),reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin exhibit relatively lower emissions of CO2 and CH4 due to lower organic matter concentrations,but significantly higher N2O emissions due to higher nitrogen loads.Monte Carlo simulations for 237 reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin showed that total emission of the three GHGs is 3.05 Tg CO2-eq yr-1,accounting for 0.39％of the total emission from global reservoirs and lower than the area percentage of the basin(0.53％).This study has important implications on revealing the GHG emission characteristics and control mechanisms of reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普