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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）
中国科学:技术科学（英文版）

周光召

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1674-7321

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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）/Journal Science China Technological SciencesCSCDCSTPCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
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    Parameter selection for the hydroconversion of waste polyethylene plastic under mild conditions:A comprehensive evaluation

    CHENG LeiLeiCHEN RuiZheZHU WeiQiangTIAN ShaoNan...
    2413-2426页
    查看更多>>摘要：The hydrogenolysis/hydrocracking of waste polyethylene(PE)has recently been intensively studied,with the general pursuit of low-temperature reaction conditions,increased oil-phase yield,and narrower carbon chain distribution.Before this,we utilized a ball-milled ZSM-22 catalyst loaded with Ru nanoparticles(NPs),which exhibited excellent hydroconversion performance.It deconstructed PE into＞80 wt.％oil products under low temperatures and short reaction times.Herein,we investigated the influence of varying temperature/pressure parameters on the degree of specific hydrocracking/internal hydrogenolysis/terminal hydrogenolysis reactions.From the comprehensive energy efficiency perspective,including stirring,reaction,and product separation,as well as taking into account the degree of product isomerization and catalyst lifespan,we analyzed the optimization of parameters.This research abandons the notion that lower temperatures are better and proposes a more comprehensive evaluation framework for low-consumption hydroconversion of PE to produce high-value products.
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    Minimum mass-entransy dissipation profile for one-way isothermal diffusive mass-transfer process with mass-resistance and mass-leakage

    CHEN LinGenXIA ShaoJun
    2427-2435页
    查看更多>>摘要：As a new concept,mass-entransy is one of the twins in the core of entransy theory.It can describe mass-transfer ability for mass-transfer processes(MTPes),just as thermal-entransy for describing heat-transfer ability.Accordingly,mass-entransy dissipation can be utilized to evaluate the loss of mass-transfer ability.Minimum mass-entransy dissipation(MMED)is utilized to optimize one-way isothermal diffusive MTPes with mass-leakage and mass-transfer law(g ∝ Δ(c),where c means concentration).For a given net amount of mass-transferred key components at the low-concentration side,optimality-condition for the MMED of isothermal diffusive MTPes is obtained by using the averaged-optimization-method.Effects of the amount of mass-transferred and mass-leakage on optimal results are analyzed,and the obtained optimization profiles are compared with those for MTP profiles of constant-concentration-difference(c1-c2=const)and constant-concentration-ratio(c1/c2=const).The product of square of key-component-concentration(KCC)difference between high-and low-concentration sides and inert component concentration at high-concentration side for the MMED of the MTP with no mass-leakage is a constant,and the optimal relationship of the KCCs between high-and low-concentration sides with mass-leakage is significantly different from the former.When mass-leakage is relatively small,the MTP with c1-c2=const strategy is superior to that with c1/c2=const strategy,and the latter is superior to the former with an increase in mass-leakage.A combination of mass-entransy concept,finite-time thermodynamics,and averaged-optimization-method is a meaningful tool for optimizing MTPes.
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    Numerical investigation of the photo-thermal characteristics of a direct absorption solar collector using Monte Carlo and finite volume methods

    ZHU YanLongLI SuNingFAN JianHuaKONG WeiQiang...
    2436-2448页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study,a novel model of photothermal conversion in a direct absorption solar collector based on the Monte Carlo and finite volume methods was built and validated and the temperatures of the novel and traditional solar collectors were compared.The sensitivity of the parameters to the radiative heat loss was investigated.Finally,the radiative heat transfer characteristics were discussed using the radiative exchange factor.The results of this study validated the advantages of the novel solar collector at both the surface and fluid temperatures.Under the conditions used in this study,the maximum temperature difference of the novel solar collector was 30 K,compared with 193 K for the traditional solar collector.Furthermore,the collector was divided into several units along the flow direction.The radiative exchange factor indicated that with an increase in the attenuation coefficient,the percentage of radiation intensity in the total solar radiation absorbed by the corresponding unit increased.Simultaneously,it decreased with an increase in the incident angle and scattering albedo.These results provide a reference for addressing the low efficiency and thermal damage caused by traditional solar collectors at high temperatures.
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    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Surface plasmon decorated InGaO deep-UV photodetector array for image sensing and water quality monitoring via highly effective hot electron excitation and interfacial injection

    SHU LinCongSHA ShuLinXI ZhaoYingLI Lei...
    2449-2460页
    查看更多>>摘要：In addition to the plasmon-mediated resonant coupling mechanism,the excitation of hot electron induced by plasmon presents a promising path for developing high-performance optoelectronic devices tailored for various applications.This study introduces a sophisticated design for a solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)detector array using linear In-doped Ga2O3(InGaO)modulated by platinum(Pt)nanoparticles(PtNPs).The construction of this array involves depositing a thin film of Ga2O3 through the plasmon-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)technique.Subsequently,PtNPs were synthesized via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and annealing process.The performance of these highly uniform arrays is significantly enhanced owing to the generation of high-energy hot electrons.This process is facilitated by non-radiative decay processes induced by PtNPs.Notably,the array achieves maximum responsivity(R)of 353 mA/W,external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 173％,detectivity(D)of approximately 1013 Jones,and photoconductive gain of 1.58.In addition,the standard deviation for photocurrent stays below 17％for more than 80％of the array units within the array.Subsequently,the application of this array extends to photon detection in the deep-UV(DUV)range.This includes critical areas such as imaging sensing and water quality monitoring.By leveraging surface plasmon coupling,the array achieves high-performance DUV photon detection.This approach enables a broad spectrum of practical applications,underscoring the significant potential of this technology for the advancement of DUV detectors.
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    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Additive manufacturing of NiTi lightweight porous structures bio-mimicking coral skeleton with enhanced mechanical properties and shape memory functions

    LIU XinGU DongDongYUAN LuHaoZHANG Han...
    2461-2474页
    查看更多>>摘要：Concerning the high demand for lightweight and multifunctional properties of engineering structures,the coral skeleton-inspired sheet-based(CSS)structure,which was a novel bio-mimicking coral skeleton wall-septa architecture with a unique ability to resist wave shocks was fabricated using NiTi alloy by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology.The effects of laser energy density(LED)on surface morphologies,microstructures,phase transformation behavior,and mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated CSS structures were systematically investigated.The results indicated that the size deviation was predominantly governed by powder adhesion and step effect.NiTi CSS structures with LED of 71 Jmm3 possessed superior compressive modulus(～400 MPa),ultimate strength(～13 MPa),and energy absorption efficiency(～69％).The compression fracture me-chanism of the LPBF-fabricated NiTi CSS structures was revealed to be predominantly brittle fracture accompanied by ductile fracture.Furthermore,the Ni4Ti3 nanoprecipitates induced the precipitation strengthening effect,enabling better shape memory response at LED of 71 J·mm-3,with a recoverable strain of 3.63％and recovery ratio of 90.8％,after heating under a pre-strain of 4％.This study highlights the importance of a bionic design strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of NiTi components and offers the possibility to tailor its functional properties.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Wearable pressure sensors based on antibacterial and porous chitosan hydrogels for full-range human motion detection

    ZHANG YingXinLIU HanGuangJIN ShunYuLI YaJuan...
    2475-2484页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wearable pressure sensors made from conductive hydrogels hold significant potential in health monitoring.However,limited pressure range(Pa to hundreds of kPa)and inadequate antibacterial properties restrict their practical applications in diagnostic and health evaluation.Herein,a wearable high-performance pressure sensor was assembled using a facilely prepared porous chitosan-based hydrogel,which was constructed from commercial phenolphthalein particles as a sacrificial template.The relationship between the porosity of hydrogels and sensing performance of sensors was systematically explored.Herein,the wearable pressure sensor,featuring an optimized porosity of hydrogels,exhibits an ultrawide sensing capacity from 4.83 Pa to 250 kPa(range-to-limit ratio of 51,760)and high sensitivity throughout high pressure ranges(0.7 kPa 1,120-250 kPa).The presence of chitosan endows these hydrogels with outstanding antibacterial performance against E.coli and S.aureus,making them ideal candidates for use in wearable electronics.These features allow for a practical approach to monitor full-range human motion using a single device with a simple structure.
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    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Two-stage aging treatment to accelerate aging kinetics without impairing strength in B4C/7A04Al composite

    CHEN YunTaoMA GuoNanZHU ShiZeWANG Dong...
    2485-2492页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aging treatments are the key process to obtain satisfactory strength for 7xxxAl alloys and their composites.However,traditional single-stage(SS)aging is time-consuming to reach a peak strength condition.In this study,an efficient 120℃+160℃ two-stage(TS)aging treatment was proposed on a B4C/7A04Al composite fabricated via powder metallurgy(PM)technology,which could acquire similar peak-aging strength but only took about 15％of the time compared to traditional 120℃ SS aging.The evolution of precipitation during the TS aging was investigated,as well as those of the 7A04Al alloys for comparison.In the second stage aging process,the higher aging temperature accelerated the nucleation of η'phases inside the grains and thus increased the density of precipitates.Moreover,the short aging time limited the coarsening of precipitates and the broadening of precipitate-free zones.The above factors were beneficial for quickly obtaining satisfactory precipitation strengthening effects.The B4C/7A04Al composite exhibited slower aging kinetics than the 7A04Al alloy in the TS aging.Mg elements consumption by the chemical reaction between B impurities introduced by B4C particles and the Al matrix was considered to potentially retard the aging kinetics of the B4C/7A04Al composite.Nevertheless,the precipitation sequence was not affected.
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    The influence of stress-dependent overpotential on dendrite growth in all-solid-state battery with cracks

    ZHANG ZhenHuaZHANG YongLIU ChangHOU Xu...
    2493-2504页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dendrite growth is one of the main challenges in maintaining the service life of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.Mechanical stress has been reported to significantly affect dendrite growth.In this study,to explain the effect of mechanical stress on electrochemical reactions in all-solid-state batteries,a modified phase-field model for dendrite growth is proposed by con-sidering the stress-dependent overpotential.Dendrite growth under different mechanical loadings in an all-solid-state battery is investigated using the proposed model.Consistent with previous experimental results,the current result shows that compressive stress inhibits dendrite growth.Considering the stress concentration at the tips of processing-induced microcracks,the effects of the number and distribution of microcracks on dendrite growth are investigated.The results show that the stress-concentration field induced at the tips of cracks or voids can change the morphology of dendrites and decrease their growth rates.This study provides a new perspective for explaining Li dendrite growth under mechanical stress and offers inspiration for prolonging the service life of all-solid-state batteries based on defect and stress regulation,which may be further realized in experiments by filling solid electrolytes with different types of nanofillers.
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    • 维普

    A promising application of bulk metallic glasses in torque sensor

    LU WenHaoMA JiangWANG ChaoLIU YanHui...
    2505-2514页
    查看更多>>摘要：Torque sensors are essential components of robotic joints.In the past,structure optimization of force-sensing elements has been the common approach to improve the performance of the torque sensors.In this work,we demonstrate a torque sensor with bulk metallic glasses as a force-sensing element.Compared with the sensors made of stainless steel and aluminum alloy,the use of bulk metallic glass as a force-sensing element significantly improves sensor sensitivity,linearity,repeatability,hysteresis,and measuring range.Our work not only opens up a new avenue for the application of bulk metallic glasses,but also provides opportunities for enhancing the performance of force/torque sensors through materials optimization.
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    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Empirical model of concrete block fragment behavior under explosion loads

    YANG ShuaiNING JianGuoREN HuiLanXU XiangZhao...
    2515-2529页
    查看更多>>摘要：Concrete structures undergo integral fragmentation under explosion loads.The fragmentation degree and particle-size dis-tribution of concrete blocks under explosion loads must be considered during mining to ensure safety.In this study,the impulse is calculated based on the relationship between overpressure and time,and the impact energy of the explosion wave is obtained based on blast theory.Subsequently,the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength fracture criterion is introduced to determine the ultimate shear stress of the concrete materials,and an empirical model that can effectively calculate the energy consumption of concrete blocks under explosion loads is established.Furthermore,concrete fragments with different particle sizes under explosion scenarios are quantitatively predicted with the principle of energy conservation.Finally,explosion tests with different top stand-off distances are conducted,and the concrete fragments after the explosion tests are recovered,sieved,weighed,and counted to obtain experimental data.The effectiveness of the fragment empirical model is verified by comparing the model calculation results with the experimental data.The proposed model can be used as a reference for civil blasting,protective engineering design,and explosion-damage assessment.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普