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作物学报（英文版）
作物学报（英文版）

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作物学报（英文版）/Journal The Crop Journal Calls for PapersCSCDCSTPCDSCI
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    One bird,multiple stones:The race to find a gene of dominant negative effect in wheat

    Long Mao
    951-952页
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    Auxin-brassinosteroid crosstalk:Regulating rice plant architecture and grain shape

    Meidi WuJing ZhouQian LiDunfan Quan...
    953-963页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rice(Oryza sativa)plant architecture and grain shape,which determine grain quality and yield,are mod-ulated by auxin and brassinosteroid via regulation of cell elongation and proliferation.We review the sig-nal transduction of these hormones and the crosstalk between their signals on the regulation of rice plant architecture and grain shape.
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    Advances in the study of auxin early response genes:Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR

    Dongfang BaoSenqiu ChangXiaodong LiYanhua Qi...
    964-978页
    查看更多>>摘要：Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly includ-ing the three families:auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA),Gretchen Hagen 3(GH3),and small auxin-up RNA(SAUR).Aux/IAA encodes the Aux/IAA protein,which is a negative regulator of auxin response.Aux/IAA and auxin response factor(ARF)form a heterodimer and participate in a variety of physiological processes through classical or non-classical auxin signaling pathways.The GH3 encodes auxin amide syn-thetase,which catalyzes the binding of auxin to acyl-containing small molecule substrates(such as amino acids and jasmonic acid),and regulates plant growth and stresses by regulating auxin homeostasis.SAURs is a class of small auxin up-regulated RNAs.SAUR response to auxin is complex,and the process may occur at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and protein levels.With the development of multi-omics,significant progress has been made in the study of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR genes,but there are still many unknowns.This review offers insight into the characteristics of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR gene families,and their roles in roots,hypocotyls,leaves,leaf inclinations,flowers,seed development,stress response,and phytohormone crosstalk,and provides clues for future research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.
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    Genes controlling grain chalkiness in rice

    Luo ChenXiumei LiMinhua ZhengRui Hu...
    979-991页
    查看更多>>摘要：With rising living standards,there is an increasing demand for high-quality rice.Rice quality is mainly defined by milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality,and nutrition quality.Among them,chalkiness is a key trait for appearance quality,which adversely affects cooking and eating quality,head rice yield,and commercial value.Therefore,chalkiness is undesirable,and reducing chalk-iness is a major goal in rice quality improvement.However,chalkiness is a complex trait jointly influ-enced by genetic and environmental factors,making its genetic study and precision improvement a huge challenge.With the rapid development of molecular techniques,much knowledge has been gained about the genes and molecular networks involved in chalkiness formation.The present review describes the major environmental factors affecting chalkiness and summarizes the quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with chalkiness.More than 150 genes related to chalkiness formation have been reported.The functions of the genes regulating chalkiness,primarily those involved in starch synthesis,storage protein synthesis,transcription regulation,organelle development,grain shape regulation,and high-temperature response,are described.Finally,we identify the challenges associated with genetic improve-ment of chalkiness and suggest potential strategies.Thus,the review offers insight into the molecular dynamics of chalkiness and provides a strong basis for the future breeding of high-quality rice varieties.
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    WPA1 encodes a vWA domain protein that regulates wheat plant architecture

    Yongxing ChenHuixin XiaoYuange WangWenling Li...
    992-1000页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperature-dependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat devel-opment and grain yield.
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    Genome-wide association study reveals that JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5 regulates seed germination in rice

    Shan SunLiling PengQianqian HuangZhibo Huang...
    1001-1009页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regu-lation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.
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    OsFK1 encodes C-14 sterol reductase,which is involved in sterol biosynthesis and affects premature aging of leaves in rice

    Ping LiXia ZhangWuzhong YinYang Shui...
    1010-1021页
    查看更多>>摘要：The enzyme C-14 sterol reductase is involved in biosynthesis of brassinosteroids(BR)and sterols,as well as plant development.OsFK1,a member of the sterol biosynthesis pathway located in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),encodes C-14 sterol reductase.However,there is little research on the function of C-14 sterol reductase in rice.Compared with the wild type,an osfk1 mutant showed dwarf phenotype and pre-mature aging in the second leaf during the trefoil stage,and abnormal development of leaf veins during the tillering stage.The osfk1 mutant showed signs of aberrant PCD,as evidenced by TUNEL staining.This suggested that high ROS buildup caused DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell death in the mutant.The osfk1 mutant also showed decreased chlorophyll content and aberrant chloroplast structure.Sequencing of the osfk1 mutant allele revealed a non-synonymous G to A mutation in the final intron,leading to early termination.Here,we identified the OsFK1 allele,cloned it by Mutmap sequencing,and verified it by complementation.HPLC-MS/MS assays demonstrated that the osfk1 mutation caused lower phytosterol levels.These findings showed that the OsFK1 allele encoding C-14 sterol reductase is involved in phytosterol biosynthesis and mediates normal development of rice plants.
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    Multi-genome evolutionary study of the ABC1 gene family and identification of the pleiotropic effects of OsABC1-13 in rice development

    Fuying MaMingyu LiuPeiwen YanShicong He...
    1022-1030页
    查看更多>>摘要：In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.
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    A 9.5-kb deletion in the 1st intron of OsMADS51 enhances temperature sensitivity in rice

    Lei ZhaoHaifei HuJunyu ChenChongrong Wang...
    1031-1040页
    查看更多>>摘要：Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting heading date of rice.Despite its importance,genes responsible for temperature-sensitive heading in rice have remained elusive.Our previous study identified a quantitative trait locus qHd1 which advances heading date under high temperatures.A 9.5-kb insertion was found in the first intron of OsMADS51 in indica variety Zhenshan 97(ZS97).However,the function of this natural variant in controlling temperature sensitivity has not been verified.In this study,we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the 9.5-kb insertion in ZS97.Experiments conducted under cotrolled conditions in phytotrons confirmed that deletion increased temperature sensitivity and advanced heading by downregulating the expression level of OsMADS51.One-hybrid assays in yeast,ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,electrophoretic mobility shift,and luciferase-based tran-sient transactivation assays collectively confirmed that OsMADS51 affects heading date by regulation of heading date gene Ehd1.We further determined that the long non-coding RNA HEATINR is generated from the first intron of OsMADS51,offering an explanation for how the 9.5-kb insertion affects temperature sensitivity.We also found that OsMADS51 was strongly selected in early/late-season rice varieties in South China,possibly accounting for their strong temperature sensitivity.These insights not only advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature-responsive regulation of heading date in rice but also provide a valuable genetic target for molecular breeding.
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    Optimized silicon fertilization regime weakens cadmium translocation and increases its biotransformation in rice tissues

    Bogui PanYixia CaiKunzheng CaiJihui Tian...
    1041-1053页
    查看更多>>摘要：In acidic paddy fields of South China,rice(Oryza sativa L.)faces the dual challenges of cadmium(Cd)tox-icity and silicon(Si)deficiency.Although previous studies have highlighted the functions of Si application timing and strategies in mitigating Cd-stressed rice,the precise mechanisms underlying the health restoration of Cd-toxic rice and the assurance of grain safety remain elusive.This study explored Cd translocation and detoxification in the shoots of rice regulated by various Si fertilization regimes:Si(T)(all Si added before transplanting),Si(J)(all Si added at jointing),and Si(TJ)(half Si added both before transplanting and at jointing).The findings revealed that the regime of Si(TJ)was more beneficial to rice health and grain safety than Si(T)and Si(J).The osmotic regulators such as proline,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins were significantly boosted by Si(TJ)compared to other Si treatments,and which enhanced membrane integrity,balanced intracellular pH,and increased Cd tolerance of rice.Furthermore,Si(TJ)was more effective than Si(T)and Si(J)on the Cd sequestration in the cell wall,Cd bio-passivation,and the down-regulated expression of the Cd transport genes.The concentrations of Cd in the xylem and phloem treated with Si(TJ)were reduced significantly.Additionally,Si(TJ)facilitated much more Cd bound with the outer layer proteins of grains,and promoted Cd chelation and complex-ation by phytic acid,phenolics,and flavonoids.Overall,Si(TJ)outperformed Si(T)and Si(J)in harmonizing the phycological processes,inhibiting Cd translocation,and enhancing Cd detoxification in rice plant.Thereby the split Si application strategy offers potential for reducing Cd toxicity in rice grain.
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