Investigation of the diversity of chicken intestinal microbiota in a thermal stressed environment based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing
To investigate the effects of thermal stress on cecum microbes of hens from growing to pre-natal period and the mechanisms of its effects on intestinal microorganisms of poultry,"Suqin-3"hens were selected as the experi-mental object in this study.The hens in the control group were fed according to standard feeding procedures,while the hens in the thermal stressed group experienced an indoor temperature adjustment to 30 ℃ from weeks 8 to 17 in addi-tion to standard feeding conditions.At 120 days of age,hens'caecum contents were collected from both groups for Il-lumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis targeting the V3-V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rDNA gene.The results indicated that the sequences were classified into a total of 15 658 ASVs,encompassing 19 phy-la and 133 genera.At the phylum level,Bacteroidetes bacteria exhibited dominance in both the thermal stressed group(52.27％)and control group(49.95％).At the genus level,prominent bacterial taxa in both groups included Bacteroides,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Phascolarctobacterium.However,compared with the control group,the proportion of Bacteroides and Koala in the thermal stress group increased,and the RC9 intestinal bacteria of Riken family decreased,with 13 different species at the genus level(P＜0.05).Through Alpha diversity analysis,it was observed that the chao l index,Shannon Wiener diversity index,and Simpson's diversity index of the thermal stress group exhibited a significant reduction compared to those of the control group(P＜0.05),indicating a decline in microbial abundance and diversity within the chicken gut under thermal stress conditions.By PCoA analysis,the microflora structure of thermal stressed group and control group were significantly different(P＜0.05).PICRUSt analysis showed that there were significant differences in metabolism and disease pathways between the thermal stress group and the control group,and the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin and the functional abundance of resistance to pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in the thermal stress group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The results of this study preliminarily revealed the characteristics of the intestinal flora of chickens under thermal stress.Under thermal stress,the microorganisms in the cecum of chickens will change,ad-justing the intestinal microbial structure to protect the intestinal health of chickens.The results provide a theoretical basis for further research and development of microecological preparations under thermal stress.
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