Trehalose is a two non-reducing sugar with special physical and chemical property, which is widespread in nature. In addition to the general characteristics of oligosaccharides, it also has unique biological characteristics that are different from other sugars. With the in-depth study on the trehalose, it has been applied in food,medicine,cosmetics,molecular biology and other fields widely in recent years.In this paper the effect,biological preparation, genetic engineering of trehalose were described. And the latest research progress in medicine and antiretroviral plant genetic engineering fields was also reviewed. At the same time,the research prospects of Trehalase enzyme gene in insect was expected.