[Objective] The aim was to provide the scientific basis for the management countermeasure of pest in summer cotton field. [Method] The insect community structure in the summer cotton field was studied by investigating the species and quantity of all the insects, mites on the ground and in the plants in sampling range using five point sampling mode and calculating the richness, dominance index, evenness index and diversity index of insect community. [Result] The insect community composition in the summer cotton field was rich and it was consisted of 43 species, 30 families and 10 orders. The maximum richness was 22 and the relative abundance of pest and natural enemy were 80.22% and 19.78% , resp. The maximum of the insect community diversity index, evenness and the dominant concentration index were 2.095 1, 0.738 5 and 0.954 4, resp. The dominant species of post in summer cotton field were Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci and that of natural enemy was Lysiphlebia japonica. [Conclusion] This research had an important directive meaning for the sustainable cotton pest management.