粮棉轮作模式下氮·磷·钾用量对小麦产量及产量构成的影响
Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Rates on Wheat Yield and Yield Components in Cotton-wheat-maize Rotation System
王树林 1祁虹 1王燕 1张谦 1冯国艺 1林永增 1梁青龙1
作者信息
- 1. 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所,农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]明确粮棉轮作模式下小麦适宜肥料用量.[方法]在大田条件下,采用随机区组试验,分别设置了氮、磷、钾肥料的0(对照)、75、150、225、300 kg/hm2 5个用量梯度,研究不同肥料用量对小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响.[结果]随着氮肥用量的增加,小麦穗数与产量增加,千粒质量下降,小麦产量在氮肥用量超过150 kg/hm2后稳定在8442～8474 kg/hm2;随磷肥用量增加,小麦收获穗数与产量先上升后下降,磷肥用量为75 kg/hm2时产量最高,达8617 kg/hm2,穗粒数、千粒质量变化不大,过量施用磷肥显著降低小麦收获穗数与产量,减产幅度达5.1％;钾肥用量对小麦穗数、产量影响不显著,但随施钾量的增加,穗粒数提高,千粒质量下降.[结论]粮棉轮作模式下,小麦季节肥料适宜用量为氮肥225 kg/hm2,磷肥150 kg/hm2,免施钾肥.
Abstract
[Objective] The aim was to identify the optimum fertilizer rates for wheat in cotton-wheat-maize rotation system.[Method] Five treatments(0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm2) for N,P2O5,K2O were designed to study the effect of fertilizer rates on wheat yield and components.[Result] The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen,panicles per unit area,grains per ear and wheat yield increased,1000-grain weight decreased,and wheat yield tended to be stable from 8442 to 8474 kg/hm2 when nitrogen rate exceeded 150 kg/hm2.With the increase of phosphorus,panicles per unit area and wheat yield increased firstly then decreased,yield reached peak (8617 kg/hm2) when P2O5 rate was 75 kg/hm2.Grains per ear and 1000-grain weight changed little.Too much phosphorus decreased panicles per unit area and wheat yield significantly,wheat yield decreased by 5.1％.Potassium had no effect on panicles and wheat yield,but with the increase of K2O rate grains per ear increased and 1000-grain weight decreased.[Conclusion] According to wheat yield the optimum fertilizer for wheat in cotton-wheat-maize rotation system was N 225 kg/hm2,P2O5 150 kg/hm2 without K2O.
关键词
粮棉轮作/氮/磷/钾/小麦产量Key words
Cotton-wheat-maize rotation system/Nitrogen/Phosphorous/Potassium/Wheat yield引用本文复制引用
基金项目
科技部支撑计划(2013BA D05B00)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系棉花产业创新建设()
出版年
2016
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据