摘要
[目的]探寻适合山西省中部高粱生产的最佳施肥方案。[方法]采用随机区组设计，设置不同施肥水平，研究平衡施肥对高粱产量、效益及养分收支平衡的影响。[结果]平衡施肥对高粱产量和效益有明显的正效应。农民习惯施肥处理较推荐施肥处理减产6.3％，收入减少376．05元／hm2。氮肥是影响当地高粱高产的主要限制因子，其次为磷肥和钾肥。平衡施肥有利于高粱植株对养分的均衡吸收，与农民习惯施肥处理相比，推荐施肥处理的高粱氮、磷、钾吸收量平均增加了17．52、3．68、32．46 kg／hm2。225.00 kg／hm2的氮肥投入量基本能满足当地高粱高产的需求，75．00 kg／hm2的磷肥投入量高于需求量，而钾肥用量不足。氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为25．0％、16．3％和55.8％。[结论]从土壤养分收支平衡及肥料利用率方面考虑，应该在推荐施肥处理基础上适当提高钾肥用量，减少磷肥用量，促使施肥方案不断优化，达到高粱的高产、高效目的。
Abstract
Objective] To explore the optimal fertilization scheme for sorghum in central Shanxi Province.[Methods] Randomized block design was adopted and different fertilization levels were arranged .[ Results] Balanced fertilization exerted significant positive effect on yield and benefit of sorghum.In comparison, farmers’ conventional fertilization treatment suffered yield drop for 6.3% and income reduction of 376.05 yuan/hm2 .Nitrogen fertilizer was the major restricting factor influencing yield of local sorghum , followed by phosphorus and potash fertilizer . Balanced fertilization is favorable for uniform absorption of nutrients .Compared with conventional fertilization treatment , the recommended treat-ment of N, P and K fertilizer increased about 17.52, 3.68, and 32.46 kg/hm2 .225.00 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer basically could meet demands of high yield of local sorghum, 75.00 kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer input was higher than the demand, while the potash fertilizer application was not sufficient.The utilization efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizer was 25.0%, 16.4% and 55.8%respectively.[Conclusions] It is required to increase the application of K fertilizer on the basis of recommended application , reduce P fertilizer, and promote optimization of fertilization and reach the objective of high yield and benefit.
基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系高粱产业技术体系汾阳试验站资金资助项目( CARS－06－04－06)
国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD07B02)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据