摘要
[目的]研究鼓槌石斛开花习性及人工授粉对结实率的影响。[方法]对鼓槌石斛开花期、果实主要特征及种子进行观察，开展种内人工授粉育种试验，采用培养基离体萌发法测定不同花期的花粉活力。[结果]鼓槌石斛开花期为3月上旬～5月上旬，盛花期为3月下旬～4月下旬，从花芽萌发到完全开放需要36～40 d，鼓槌石斛不同唇瓣中心斑块颜色有4种：分别为棕橘色（RHS 165B）、深黑红色（RHS 187A）、深褐红色（RHS 183A）、深棕橘色（RHS 163A）；鼓槌石斛有活力花粉比例在花蕾期为32．6％，开花当天为80．5％，开花15 d后为1．8％，直到花谢花粉仍有活力；于开花第2～3天进行人工授粉，异丛异花授粉结实率达92．9％，同丛异花结实率为58．1％，同株异花结实率为41．2％，而自花授粉结实率为20．2％。[结论]鼓槌石斛花粉在整个花期均有活力，通过种内人工辅助授粉可大大提高鼓槌石斛的结实率。
Abstract
Objective] The aim was to study effects of flowering habits and artificial pollination on fruit setting rate of Dendrbo ium chrysotoxum. [ Method] The flowering period, fruits main characteristics and seeds of D.chrysotoxum were observed, intraspecific hand-pollinate breeding test was conducted, culture medium in vitro germination method was adopted for determining the pollen vitality in different flowering period.[Re-sult] D.chrysotoxum florescence was in early March to early May, full-bloom stage was in late March and late April, from flower bud germina-tion to completely open need 36 to 40 days, the color of plaques in center lip had four:brown orange(RHS 165B), dark red(RHS 187A), ma-roon red(RHS 183A), maroon orange(RHS 163A); the ratio of pollen vitality was:32.6% in budding stage, 80.5%in flowering day , 1.8%in 15 d after flowering;artificial pollination was conducted 2 to 3d after flowering , different bundle cross-pollination seed setting rate was 92. 9%, same bundle cross-pollination seed setting rate was 58.1%, homologous strain different flower seed setting rate was 41.2%, self-pollina-tion seed setting rate was 202.%.[Conclusion] Pollen has vitality during the whole flowering period, artificial supplementary pollination can im-prove seed setting rate of D.chrysotoxum.
基金项目
农业部热带作物种质资源保护专项(15Rzzy－21)
云南省花卉产业发展专项(2014－7)
万方数据