摘要
[目的]利用15 N示踪技术，研究不同追氮方式对寒地玉米不同器官氮素积累、吸收、分配及氮素利用率的影响，为指导寒地玉米合理施肥提供理论依据。[方法]以玉米品种德美亚3号为试材，在盆栽条件下设置不施氮肥（PK）、基肥＋追肥浅追1次（NPK＋SD1）、基肥＋追肥深追1次（NPK＋DD1）、基肥＋追肥深追2次（NPK＋DD2）4个处理，分析不同追氮方式对寒地玉米氮素吸收、分配特征的影响。[结果]追氮提高了寒地玉米不同器官干物质积累量、氮素含量及氮素积累量。与浅追相比，氮肥深追15 N标记氮素利用率分别提高26．00和14．08个百分点；土壤15 N残留率分别降低2．10和1．19个百分点；15 N损失率分别减少23．90和12．90个百分点；土壤15 N贡献率分别提高3．57和0．64个百分点；提高了寒地玉米穗长、穗粗、轴粗，与 PK 相比显著提高寒地玉米产量，提高幅度为36．24％～50．72％。氮肥深追与浅追相比产量分别提高10．63％和6．35％，差异达到显著水平。[结论]寒地玉米种植中，氮肥深追好于氮肥浅追，2次深追好于1次深追。
Abstract
Objective] To study impacts of different nitrogen topdressing methods on accumulation , absorption, distribution and utilization of ni-trogen by maize in a cold area by using 15 N tracing technology to provide theoretical references for the reasonable fertilization of maize in a cold area.[Method] Maize variety Demeiya No.3 was as the experimental material, and different nitrogen topdressing treatments, namely PK (no nitrogen fertilizer applied), NPK (applying base fertilizer, similarly hereinafter) +SD1 (shallowly topdressing nitrogen fertilizer once), NPK+DD1 ( deeply topdressing nitrogen fertilizer once ) , and NPK +DD2 ( deep topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice ) , were set in pot experi-ments.The effects of various nitrogen topdressing methods on absorption and distribution of nitrogen by maize in the cold area were analyzed . [Result] Nitrogen topdressing improved the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen content and amount of accumulated nitrogen in different organs of maize.Compared with shallow topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer , after deep topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, the use efficiency of 15 N labeled nitrogen increased by 26.00 and 14.08 percentage points respectively;the residual rate of 15 N in soil reduced by 2.10 and 1.19 percentage points respectively;the loss rate of nitrogen reduced by 23.90 and 12.90 percentage points respectively;the contribution rate of 15 N in soil increased by 3.57 and 0.64 percentage points respectively;ear length, ear diameter, and axis diameter of maize in cold area improved, and maize yield in-creased significantly compared with PK, rising by 36.24%-50.72%.Compared with shallow topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, after deep top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer, maize yield increased significantly by 10.63% and 6.35% respectively.[Conclusion] In the planting of maize in a cold area, deep topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer is better than shallow topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer ,and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice is better than topdressing nitrogen fertilizer once .
基金项目
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116－1)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据