乌兹别克斯坦棉花产业现状分析
Analysis of Uzbekistan Cotton Industry Situation
田立文 1张娜 1王钊英 2崔建平 1阿克旦·吾外士 3徐海江 1郭仁松 1林涛 1赵德提·阿不都哈德尔1
作者信息
- 1. 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091
- 2. 新疆农业科学院国际科技合作交流处,新疆乌鲁木齐830091
- 3. 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091
- 折叠
摘要
通过实地考察、咨询相关专家学者及查阅大量资料,对乌兹别克斯坦棉花产业发展状况、主要种植管理技术、科研现状及发展棉花产业的其他配套技术进行了论述,认为乌兹别克斯坦自然生态条件总体良好,除水资源有限外,棉区其他生态环境较新疆优越,且生产潜力较大;该国棉花种植管理粗放,植棉技术较为落后,其棉花单产、总产及综合品质均明显不及新疆棉区;该国轧花和棉纺设备陈旧、工艺落后、生产效率低,导致目前国内纺织品市场仍由进口产品主导;虽然该国农业科研机构较完善,但存在现有科研工作滑坡甚至处于“半瘫痪”状态的问题.其在棉区生态环境治理,棉花种质资源的搜集、整理与利用,病虫害防治以及土壤改良等方面的经验值得我国借鉴与学习.分析认为乌兹别克斯坦是植棉大国,但不是强国,该国除应尽快在政策层面做出调整外,得到我国的支持,特别是汲取新疆棉花种植管理、籽棉加工、棉纺产业等成功经验,是助其走向棉业强国一条非常可行的捷径.
Abstract
The development status of cotton industry,planting management technology,scientific research status,supporting measures in Uzbekistan were discussed based on the author's field surevey,consulting relevant experts and lots of data.Analysis reaches the following main conclusions:except water resources in Uzbekistan,other natural ecological conditions in cotton production areas are good.The ecological environment is much better than in Xinjiang,and its production potential is very large.Because the cotton planting management is extensive,few advanced technologies have been applied,the cotton yield and total yield are significantly lower than in Xinjiang cotton region,the cotton integrated quality is inferior to cotton in Xinjiang.In Uzbekistan,the cotton ginning and cotton spinning equipment are old,its manufacturing technique is backward,production efficiency is low,the domestic textile market is still dominated by imported products.Although its agricultural research institutions are perfect,the existing research situation has worsened,even in the condition of half paralyzed.While China can draw experience from the achievements on Uzbekistan ecological environment governance in cotton production areas,cotton germplasm resources collection,sorting and utilization,diseases and pests prevention and soil improvement,etc.Experts analysis that Uzbekistan is big cotton country,but not the power,besides the policy adjustments and supporting measures should be made as soon as possible,it is very feasible shortcut to get the support of China.Especially the successful experience will be drawn from Xinjiang cotton planting management,seed cotton processing,cotton and textile industry,so Uzbekistan can become cotton strong country.
关键词
棉花产业/发展状况/种植管理技术/科研现状/配套措施/乌兹别克斯坦Key words
Cotton industry/Development status/Planting management technology/Scientific research status/Supporting measures/Uzbekistan引用本文复制引用
基金项目
科技部富民强县项目()
农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室项目()
新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化专项(201354103)
农业部国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-18-07)
2014年中央农业技术推广与服务项目()
出版年
2017
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据