摘要
为探明陕西省典型矿区土壤和食用林产品中重金属污染特征与风险情况,通过对渭南华州、商洛柞水县、宝鸡凤县金属矿区土壤和食用林产品进行样品采集并分析测定其As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu含量,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、土壤和农产品综合质量指数法对土壤和食用林产品重金属污染状况进行评价.结果表明,研究区内土壤均出现不同程度的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu含量积累;受检食用林产品均出现不同程度的Cr、Cu积累,华州区油松籽2个样品出现Pb含量超标;单因子污染指数表明Cd为凤县研究区土壤的主要污染物,Cr、Cu为柞水县研究区土壤的主要污染物;内梅罗综合污染指数表明凤县和柞水县研究区域土壤为轻度污染状态(质量等级Ⅲ),华州区研究区域土壤为尚清洁状态(质量等级Ⅱ);综合质量影响指数表明,凤县土壤呈现轻微污染(sub-Ⅱ),华州区呈现轻度污染(sub-Ⅲ),柞水县呈现重度污染(sub-Ⅴ).凤县、华州区和柞水县研究区土壤均出现重金属污染问题,部分食用林产品存在重金属Cr、Cu积累以及Pb超标风险,应及时采取治理修复措施,以缓减土壤和食用林产品的重金属污染问题.
Abstract
To explore the heavy metal pollution characteristics and risk in Shaanxi typical mining soil and edible forest products,through sam-ple collection in Huazhou District Weinan City,Zhashui County,Fengxian County mining area of soil and edible forestry products and analysis of the As,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu content,using single factor pollution index method,Nemero comprehensive pollution index method,soil and agricultural products comprehensive quality index method,heavy metal pollution of soil and edible forest products was evaluated.The results showed that the accumulation levels of As,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr and Cu occurred in the soil in the study area;different degrees of Cr and Cu accu-mulation,two samples of Pb content exceeded the standard;the single pollution index indicated that Cd was the main pollutant in the soil of the study area of Feng County,Cr and Cu were the main soil pollutants in Zhashui County;the soil in Fengxian County and Zhashui sampling area was slightly polluted(quality gradeⅢ),the soil in Huazhou sampling area was still clean state(quality gradeⅡ).The comprehensive quality effect index indicated that,soil in Fengxian County Presents slight pollution(sub-Ⅱ),Huazhou District presents mild pollution(sub-Ⅲ),Zhashui County was heavily polluted(sub-V).Heavy metal pollution occurs in the soil of Fengxian County,Huazhou county and Zhashui re-search area,and remediation measures should be taken in time to reduce the pollution of heavy metals in soil and edible forest products.
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