摘要
为探索狮山菜薹的最佳播期、密度和施肥量组合,在玉溪适宜区域实现良种与良法配套应用.试验采用3因素3水平正交设计,2020—2022年连续两季研究最适宜的播种期、种植密度及尿素施用量及其对鲜薹、籽粒产量和经济效益的影响.结果表明,3个栽培因子对鲜薹产量影响大小依次为播种期、密度、尿素施用量,对籽粒产量影响大小依次为密度、播种期、尿素施用量,各处理鲜薹、籽粒产量差异均达到显著水平;播种期对狮山菜薹的初采时间、采收天数、次数及生育期有显著影响,种植密度与薹粗、单薹鲜重、荚粒数及单株角果等呈负相关,而尿素施用量对生育期及农艺性状的影响不明显.狮山菜薹最佳栽培因子组合为播种期9月30日、密度6万株/hm2、苗期尿素375 kg/hm2,该条件下鲜薹产量可达31183.8 kg/hm2,籽粒产量1888.75 kg/hm2,净收益16.52万元/hm2,产投比3.55,经济效益较高.
Abstract
To explore the optimal sowing date,planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed,to realize the combination of good breeding and high yield cultivation techniques in the suitable area of Yuxi City. Using three-factor and three-level orthogonal test,we re-searched the optimal sowing date,planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed in Yuxi City,as well as the effects of shoot,seed yield and economic benefit. The effects of three factors on shoot yield from big to small were in the order of sowing date,planting density,urea dosage;the effects of three factors on seed yield from big to small were in the order of planting density,sowing date,urea dosage,the shoot and seed yield difference of each treatment reached a significant level,sowing date had significant effects on the first picking time,harvesting days,times and growth period of Shishan rapeseed. Planting density was negatively correlated with shoot thickness,fresh weight per shoot,pod number and pods per plant. However,the effect of urea dosage amount on growth period and agronomic traits was not obvious. The opti-mal combination of cultivation factors for Shishan rapeseed were September 30 for planting date,60000 plants/hm2 for density,375 kg/hm2 for urea at seedling stage,the yield of fresh shoot could reach 31183.8 kg/hm2,seed yield could reach 1888.75 kg/hm2,the net income was 165200 yuan/hm2,output-input ratio was 3.55,and the economic benefits were relatively high.
基金项目
云南省烟草公司玉溪分公司科技计划项目(yxyc2023027)
云南省农业生产专项(ynnysc2023yx)
维普
万方数据