Analysis of Agronomic,Yield and Quality Characters of Maize in Shanxi Province in 2019-2023
In order to strengthen the innovation of maize variety breeding in Shanxi Province and fully explore and utilize high-quality maize variety resources,589 maize varieties approved in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023 were taken as experimental materials.The variation,correlation as well as principal component analysis were carried out on 14 quantitative traits of agronomy(growth period,total leaf number,plant height,ear height,ear length and seed yield),yield(row number per ear,grain number per row,100 grain weight and yield)as well as quality(bulk density,crude protein,crude fat and crude starch content).The results showed that the variable coefficients of seed emer-gence rate and crude starch content were 1.62%and 2.07%,respectively,while the variation coefficients of ear height,yield and crude fat content ranged from 11.82%to 13.80%,indicating that the two traits of maize seed emergence rate and crude starch content could be inheri-ted stably,but there was still a large space for breeding of ear height,crude fat and yield.There was some emphasis on traits among different groups.The yield of early sowing in spring and the varieties examined by the harvesting group were the highest.The number of rows per ear of the approved varieties in special early maturity Ⅰ area showed a significant disadvantage,but the contents of crude protein and crude fat were prominent.The number of row grains of the approved varieties in the reseeding area showed a significant disadvantage,but the crude starch content was higher.The yield was extremely positively correlated with 6 agronomy traits,3 yield components and crude starch content,but negatively correlated with crude protein content.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 59.16%.The first principal component reflected yield,plant height,ear height and ear length.The second principal component reflected crude protein and crude starch content.The third principal component reflected total leaf number,ear height and row number,and the fourth principal component reflected bulk density and crude fat content.In addition,the study on the variation trend of each trait with the year of examination showed that the yield trait showed a steady increase trend,while the quality trait had a different degree of de-crease(0.04%-0.97%),and the decrease degree of crude fat was the largest,indicating that the future maize breeding should focus on strengthe-ning the increase of crude fat content.This study provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of maize resource traits in Shanxi Province.
Agronomic traitsYieldQuality characterMaize varietiesShanxi Province
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