Copper(Cu)is an essential nutrient element for plants and widely participates in various physiological and biochemical processes.However,excessive copper has toxic effects and seriously affects the growth and development of plants.In order to resist copper toxicity,plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to strictly regulate the absorption of copper in the environment and its transport within the body.In recent years,with the advancement of human industrialization,copper pollution in soil has significantly increased.This paper elaborates on the harm caused by copper toxicity to plants,and summarizes and analyzes various defense mechanisms of plants in response to copper stress,such as root exudates,cell walls,transport proteins,and antioxidant.In addition,we explored the potential function of vesicle transport in plant resist-ance to copper toxicity,hoping to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the cultivation of copper tolerant crops.
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