System,Diplomacy,and Suspicion:A Study of Sino-Japanese Negotiations in North China,1933-1935
After the conclusion of the Great Wall Resistance,the Nationalist government established a local negotiation system centered around the Political Reform Committee and the Military Subcommittee,which provided the central government with a degree of maneuverability in its negotiations with Japan.However,under the pressure of Japan's multi-faceted diplo-matic approach,this dual-committee system struggled to function effectively and was eventually sidelined,with responsibility for negotiations in North China being reassigned to the central government.Figures such as Huang Fu briefly utilized private di-plomacy to ease Sino-Japanese relations,yet the inherent flaws of this multi-layered negotiation system quickly became ap-parent.Moreover,private diplomacy clearly reflected the asymmetric power dynamics between China and Japan,with Japan's dominant position enabling its demands.Sino-Japanese negotiations during this period unfolded in a climate of intense suspi-cion,and the resulting crisis of trust further exacerbated the divergence in their respective positions.The adoption of increasing-ly radical measures,in turn,intensified this mutual distrust,plunging Sino-Japanese relations into a vicious cycle.Neverthe-less,Japan's activities in the years leading up to the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan demonstrated a clear continu-ity,and Japan's unreasonable demands for China's"sincerity"were rooted in an absurd logic of perception.
Sino-Japanese negotiationsNorth China Incidentdual-committee systemdiplomacysuspicion
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