摘要
目的 了解贵州省万山区城乡居民健康素养现状,为开展健康宣教、制定相关卫生健康政策提供依据.方法 采用分层多阶段抽样方法,随机抽取万山区6个乡镇(街道)15～69岁常住居民进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 27.0进行统计学分析.结果 2022年万山区居民健康素养水平为27.6％(113/506),其中城市居民健康素养水平高于农村居民(x2=16.970,P＜0.001);45岁以下高于45岁及以上人群(x2=68.957,P＜0.001);大专/本科及以上高于高中及以下人群(x2=80.641,P＜0.001).万山区居民3个方面健康素养水平由高到低依次为:基本健康知识和理念(43.3％)、健康生活方式与行为(31.4％)和基本技能(25.1％);6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:科学健康观(64.8％)、安全与急救(62.9％)、慢性病防治(44.9％)、健康信息(40.6％)、基本医疗(29.9％)和传染病防治(21.1％).结论 万山区居民健康素养水平较低,需要加强基本技能、传染病防治和基本医疗方面的健康宣教.
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Wanshan Dis-trict,Guizhou Province,and provide a basis for carrying out health education and formulating health-related policies.Meth-ods A questionnaire survey was conducted based on the population aged 15-69 from 6 towns(streets)in Wanshan District by using a stratified multi-stage sampling method.Statistical analysis was analyzed by SPSS 27.0.Results In 2022,the general health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District was 27.6％(113/506),whereas the urban residents had a higher level of health literacy than that of the rural residents(x2=16.970,P＜0.001).Moreover,the residents under 45 years old had a higher level of health literacy than that of those aged 45 and above(x2=68.957,P＜0.001).Residents with college/bachelor's degree or above had a higher level of health literacy than that of people with high school or below(x2=80.641,P＜0.001).Three aspects of health literacy of the residents in Wanshan District were basic health knowledge and concepts(43.3％),healthy lifestyle and behavior(31.4％),and basic skills(25.1％),respectively.Six types of health is-sues were scientific health concept(64.8％),safety and first aid(62.9％),chronic disease prevention and control(44.9％),health information(40.6％),basic medical care(29.9％),and infectious disease prevention and control(21.1％),respectively.Conclusion The health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District is relatively low.It is necessary to strengthen health education in basic skills,infectious disease prevention and control,and basic medical care.
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