Reception of Charles Ives's Concord Sonata has principally focused on the work's use of collage techniques and its references to figures associated with American Transcendentalism.Chris-topher Bruhn has expanded this focus by invoking William James's idea of"the stream of thought"or"consciousness"as a way of approaching the work.In this paper,the author develop the concept of"the stream of thought"alongside the analysis of musical quotations and Ives's notion of"vague remembrance,"as expressed in his Essays before a Sonata,to demonstrate how Ives has adapted the Lisztian technique of thematic transformation to create a sense of ambiguous memory.This paper ar-gues that the"local"analysis of citation and collage in Ives's work can benefit from a broader formal perspective shaped by the work of William James and Liszt.
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