摘要
宾组军事卜辞《合集》6057记录有土方侵犯商王朝势力范围的史实,其中有"侵田几人"这样的表述.以往多将此中的"田"解释为田地,"田几人"指几人之田,"侵田几人"意思就是侵犯多少人之田.商代甲骨文及西周早期金文中均未见以"人"为量词修饰"田"者,反倒是金文中常见"田几田"这样的表述.结合甲骨文中"人几人""刍几人"之"人""刍"指某种身份之人,则"田几人"中之"田"也当是指一种身份."示某田"之"示"或可读为"寘",为将田人安置在某地的意思."田"所反映的是商王朝领土扩张的一种方式.
Abstract
The military oracle inscription of the宾组,《合集》6057,recorded the historical facts of the invasion of the Shang Dynasty.In the past,most views accepted by the academia explain"田"as the field,"田几人"refers to several people of the field.Oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty and bronze inscriptions in the early Western Zhou Dynasty,there was no one who used"人"as quantifier to modify"田",but"田几田"was a common expression in the bronze inscriptions.In the oracle bone inscriptions,"人几人","刍几人","人","刍"refer to a person of certain status,then"田"in"田几人"should also refer to a status.Therefore,the word"示某田"of"示"can be read as"寘",which is the meaning of putting"田人"in a place.What"田"reflected was a way of territorial expansion of the Shang Dynasty.
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