Impact of Pinus caribaea Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest Early Transformation on Understory Vegetation Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Property
Exploring the reasonable improvement model of artificial pure Pinus caribaea forest from the perspective of understory vegetation diversity and soil physicochemical properties,and provide scientific basis for improving the ecological stability of pure Pinus caribaea forest and selecting mixed tree species.The differences in understory vegetation diversity and soil physicochemical properties of four forest stands were analyzed,including pure Pinus caribaea forest(PP),P caribaea×Magnolia sumatrana(MF1),P caribaea×Castanopsis hystrix(MF2),P caribaea×M sumatrana×C hystrix(MF3)mixed forestsas the research object.The results showed that:(1)The diversity indices of the herb layer of the three mixed forests were all significantly higher than the PP,MF1 is the largest and followed by MF3;The species richness index of the shrub layer of the three mixed forests were all significantly higher,the Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index were only significantly higher in MF3 compared with PP,while the differences in Pielou index were not significant.(2)The differences in soil density between stands were not significant,soil water content and soil porosity in the three mixed forests were higher than PP,all of which were optimal for MF3.(3)Except for nitrate nitrogen,the soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total kalium,available kalium,and available phosphorus contents in the 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil layers of MF2 and MF3 were significantly higher than PP.(4)Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the diversity index of shrub layer and soil physicochemical properties is stronger than that of herb layer,while the correlation between herb layer and soil available phosphorus content is stronger;Redundancy analysis indicates that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus are the main factors affecting understory vegetation diversity.Compared with PP,mixed forests MF1,MF2,MF3 can significantly improve the species richness of the shrub layer and the vegetation diversity index of the herb layer.At the same time,the mixed forest also improves soil water and porosity conditions,increases organic carbon and the total and available nutrient content of soil nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and the improvement effect of intercropping multiple tree species mixed forest is significantly better than that of intercropping a single tree species mixed forest.
Pinus caribaeaconiferous and broad-leaved mixed forestunderstory vegetation diversitysoil physicochemical property
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