An Epidemiological Analysis of Pathogens of Respiratory Tract Infection in a Hospital in Beijing in 2023
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the trend of serological indicator changes of respiratory infections in our hospital in 2023 and to provide a knowledge basis for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods A cohort of 483 patients with respiratory tract infections admitted to Beijing You'an Hospital between January,2023 and December,2023,were selected for the study.Indirect immunofluorescence assay was conducted to detect immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibodies to nine respiratory pathogens in serum samples,including Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Chlamydophila pneumoniae(CP),influenza A virus(INFA),parainfluenza virus(PIV),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),Coxsackie virus(COX),Legionella pneumophila(LP),and influenza B virus(INFB).Chi-square test was applied to statistically analyze the positive rates of serum respiratory pathogens IgM antibodies in patients of different groups of gender,age,and season,and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the serological indicators among patients infected with different types of pathogens.Results(1)Among 483 cases of respiratory tract infections,the proportion of single pathogen IgM-positive individuals was 39.3％(190/483),while the proportion of＞2 pathogens IgM-positive individuals accounted for 60.7％(293/483).Among single-pathogen IgM-positive patients,the top three pathogens were INFB(39.5％,75/190),INFA(24.2％,46/190),and MP(20％,38/190)in a descending order.Among patients positive for mixed pathogen IgM,dual-pathogen infections were predominant,accounting for 61.7％(181/293),with INFA+INFB being the most common combination,accounting for 43.3％(127/293),followed by MP+INFA+INFB,accounting for 17.4％(51/293).(2)Female patients exhibited higher serum positivity rates for MP and ADV IgM compared to males,while the positivity rate for INFB IgM was lower than that of males,with all differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)When comparing the serum positivity rates of MP and COX pathogens among patients in four age groups(0-18 years,19-45 years,46-59 years,and＞60 years),differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05).Specifically,the positivity rates of MP and COX in the 0-18 years group were higher than those in the 19-45 years,46-59 years,and＞60 years groups(all P＜0.05).The positivity rate of MP in the 19-45 years group was higher than that in the 46-59 years and＞60 years groups(all P＜0.05).(4)When comparing serum positivity rates of MP and INFA among four seasons(spring,summer,autumn,and winter),differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Specifically,the positivity rate of MP was higher in spring than in autumn(P＜0.05),and the rate in winter was significantly higher than in summer and autumn(all P＜0.05).The positivity rate of INFA in winter was higher than in summer(P＜0.05).(5)Among 483 cases of respiratory tract infections,when divided patients into groups based on MP IgM positivity,virus IgM positivity,and mixed infection,comparisons of eGFR,EOS,and PLT showed statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Specifically,in the mixed infection group,EOS was higher than in the MP IgM-positive group(P＜0.05),while eGFR and PLT were higher than in the virus IgM-positive group(all P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in liver function indicators among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion In 2023,MP,INFA,and INFB pathogens were the main infections throughout the year,with mixed infections being the common type.Females and younger individuals were more susceptible to MP infections.MP infections were more likely to occur during spring and winter,while influenza A virus was more likely to occur in winter.These results suggest that mixed infections could be more likely to trigger immune responses.
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