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明清兽灾言说与生态保护意识

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明清战乱与人口增长,边荒垦殖扩大,侵犯了野生动物领地,加剧了兽灾爆发。人们杀兽自救,民间叙事者标举捕猛兽器械和捕兽技术。站在人类中心立场上,把野兽完全推到灾害施加者的被告席上。面临野兽袭击,人与家畜亲密依存关系强化,人往往依靠与家畜互助互卫,家畜形象被愈加伦理化。人们还依靠地方官员德行、能力弭灾驱灾;许多边荒地区则以祷神、责神来治理兽灾。对猛兽威胁,明清还多取人兽亲和的神幻想象。地方官也更为积极地表彰资助协力抗灾的百姓。在华夏灾害、御灾与生态学融合的文学书写中,是人与动物关系的一个令人警醒的方面。
Narration of Animal Disasters and Ecological Protection Awareness in Ming and Qing Dynasties
During the Ming and Qing dynasties,wars,population growth,and the expansion of frontier reclamation encroaching on the territory of wild animals,exacerbated the outbreak of animal disasters.People kill animals to save themselves,while folk narrators flaunted their hunting equipment and techniques,standing at the center of humanity,pushing wild animals completely onto the defendant's seat of disaster perpetrators.In the face of the attack of wild animals,the close rela-tionship between human and domestic animals is strengthened.People often rely on domestic animals and cooperate with them for mutual protection,leading to an increasingly ethical image of domestic animals.People also rely on the virtue of local officials,ability to prevent disaster;people in remote areas rely on praying and blaming gods to manage animal disasters.Faced with the threat of fierce beasts,people in the Ming and Qing dynasties also imagined the divine fantasy of human animal affini-ty.Local officials were also more active in praising and supporting the people who worked together to fight against disasters.In the literary writing of the integration of Cathaysian disasters,disaster pre-vention and ecology,it can be regarded as a cautionary aspect of the relationship between humans and animals.

wild animalsanimal disasternatural environmentdisaster prevention writingre-lationship between ecology and disaster

王立

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大连大学语言文学研究所,辽宁大连 116622

野生动物 兽灾 自然环境 御灾书写 生态与灾害关系

国家社科基金后期资助项目

17FZW012

2024

宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学版)
宝鸡文理学院

宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学版)

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.168
ISSN:1008-4193
年,卷(期):2024.44(1)
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