摘要
目的:探讨老年人认知功能现况,基于生命历程理论分析老年人认知功能的影响因素.方法:采用横断面研究,于2023年对北京市西城区、大兴区部分老年人进行问卷调查,使用香港简短认知功能检测(Hong Kong brief cognitive test,HKBC)量表评估老年人的认知功能,采用SPSS 27.0软件对老年人认识功能的影响因素进行描述性分析和多元线性回归分析.结果:纳入349名老年人,年龄在60～69岁的调查对象占比最高(41.3％),58.7％为女性,文化程度初中及以上者占比88.0％,退休前每周工作时长多集中在35～48 h(68.8％),14.0％的老年人有痴呆家族史.在控制年龄、性別等变量后,线性回归分析结果显示,婚姻状况为已婚(β=0.501,95％CI:0.144～0.859)和每周运动3～4次是老年人认知功能的保护因素(β=0.617,95％CI:0.087～1.148),抑郁症状是其危险因素(β=-0.723,95％CI:-1.198～-0.247).结论:从生命全周期的视角看待认知功能影响因素,缺乏体育锻炼与抑郁症状均是认知功能的危险因素,加强体育锻炼,改善老年人心理健康,将预防性干预关口前移,有助于预防和减缓老年人认知功能衰退.
Abstract
Objective:To explore the current status of cognitive function of the older adults in Beijing,and to analyze the factors affecting their cognitive function.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study.A questionnaire survy was conducted in 2023 among the older adults in Beijing.The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the Hong Kong brief cognitive test(HKBC)scale,a simple cognitive assessment tool.Using SPSS 27.0 to perform the descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analy-sis of factors,which affect cognitive function among the older adults.Results:Totally 349 older adults were recruited,with the highest percentage of respondents aged 60-69 years(41.3％),of whom 58.7％were female,88.0％of the respondents had a junior high school or above education level.Most of the older adults(68.8％)worked 35-48 h/week before they retired,and 14.0％of the older adults had a family history of dementia.After controlling age and gender,the linear regression analysis showed that marital status married(β=0.501,95％CI:0.144-0.859)and 3-4 times physical activity per week(β=0.617,95％CI:0.087-1.148)were protective factors of cognitive function in the older adults,and depressive symptoms were a risk factor(β=-0.723,95％CI:-1.198 to-0.247)of cognitive function for the older adults.Conclusion:In this study,the factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults was analyzed based on a life-cycle perspective.Lack of physical activity and depressive symptoms were risk factors for cognitive function among the older adults.It was suggested that strengthening physical activity,improving mental health of the older adults,as well as conducting preventive intervention in early stages of the life-cycle will be benefit for preventing and slowing cognitive decline in the older adults.
基金项目
中国社区卫生协会社区卫生科研基金(20212041)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据