摘要
"政策性农业保险"这个术语已被学界和业界广泛接受,但是关于其确切含义、法律特点及理论依据,还缺乏深入讨论,以至于在法律法规、业务操作等方面都还不够明确或存在不一致的认知.本文讨论了政策性农业保险的内涵、特点和实行原因,回顾和陈述了有关争论,讨论了政策性农业保险的立法特点.本文认为,政策性农业保险是一类借用保险技术和方法为农业支持保护和财政转移支付服务的政策工具,实际上是使用保险"外壳"的财政政策工具;也可以说是由政府或政府指定机构提供支持和管理的农业保险计划,是一种兼具危险财务处理手段和收入转移支付功能的农业支持保护政策.基于国家安全的需要、农业系统性风险以及农业保险的市场失灵等方面的考虑,政府开办了政策性农业保险,其不仅需要政府补贴,还应单独立法、单独经营、单独管理、单独监督.
Abstract
The term"policy agricultural insurance"has been widely accepted by the academia and the industry.However,there is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the exact meaning,legal characteristics,and theoretical basis of policy agricultural insur-ance,resulting in insufficient clarity or inconsistent understanding in norms including laws and regulations,as well as operational aspects.This article discusses the connotation,characteristics,and reasons for implementing policy agricultural insurance,reviews and states the controversies surrounding policy agricultural insurance,and discusses the legislative characteristics of policy agricul-tural insurance.The paper holds that policy agricultural insurance is a policy tool taking advantage of insurance technology and methods to protect on agriculture and make transfer payment.It is,in essence,a fiscal policy tool with an insurance"outer shell",or an agricultural insurance plan supported and managed by government or government-designated institutions,an agriculture sup-porting and protecting policy combines the functions of financial risk solution means and income transfer payment.Due to the na-tional security needs and the consideration on agriculture systemic risk and the market failure of agricultural insurance,the govern-ment initiates policy agricultural insurance.It,not only requires government subsidy,but also should be independently operated,legislated,managed,and supervised.
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