The Development and Trend of Social Work for People with Disabilities in China:A Literature Review Based on Theoretical Change and Model Transformation
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the requirements for the comprehensive development of the cause of people with disabilities in China,and the high-quality development of social work for people with disabilities is an inevitable requirement and an effective path to realise this grand goal. It is of great significance to sort out its theoretical development and model change to enhance the development of disability services. The development of social work for people with disabilities in China should not only examine the evolution of the theory of disability social work under the transformation of disability models,but also consider the basis and requirements of the development of the cause of people with disabilities in China. For this purpose,the article aims to promote the development of social work for people with disabilities in China by analyzing the process of change in social work theory for persons with disabilities in the context of the transformation of the disability models,and by combining the development and current situation of social work practice for people with disabilities.Through in-depth analysis and exploration of the evolution of social work for people with disabilities in China at the theoretical and practical levels,it is found that the change in social work theory for people with disabilities is mainly centered on the Problem Perspective and Strengths Perspective. At first,social work theory for people with disabilities was mainly based on the individual model,focusing on providing individual-level support and services for people with disabilities from the Problem Perspective and Strengths Perspective. After the introduction of the social model,social work theory for people with disabilities has shown three different development paths:the extended development of problem and strengths opposition;the integrated development of problem and strengths;and the transformational development of transcending problem and strengths. In the process of change,social work theory for people with disabilities has shown two main trends:first,the focus of the theory has changed from an individual orientation to a systemic orientation,which is from focusing on the analysis of micro-level problems of people with disabilities to gradually shifting to a more focused analysis of social structural problems;and,second,the development of theories,although differentiated,is on the whole tending towards theoretical integration,with increasing emphasis on the subjectivity and capacity building of people with disabilities.Driven by the evolution of social work theory for people with disabilities and the development of the cause of people with disabilities in China,the practice mode of social work for people with disabilities in China has been continuously adjusted at the levels of service method,service scope and service concept,and has gone through three phases,namely,the embryonic phase,the exploratory phase and the expansion phase. In the embryonic stage,social work for people with disabilities was regarded as a component of medical social work,interpreting disabilities from the individual responsibility theory and providing casework assistance to people with disabilities in hospitals under the dominance of the medical model. In the exploratory period,the concept of social responsibility theory of disability gradually emerged,and administrative social work for people with disabilities developed rapidly. Social work practice for people with disabilities was mainly centered on rehabilitation,which was mainly manifested in"management-based"administrative services and institution-based social rehabilitation services. After entering the expansion period,with the establishment of the social model at the institutional level in China,professional social work for people with disabilities and administrative social work for people with disabilities have shown an integrated development. The needs-based model of integration,the community-based model of community care,and the evidence-based model of localization have gradually become the mainstream models of social work practice for people with disabilities in China.The development of the cause of people with disabilities in China is closely aligned with the country's macro-policy,fits with the concept of the universal model,and is coordinated with the evolution of social work theory for people with disabilities. Social work for people with disabilities should not only adapt to the new requirements and changes put forward by the cause of people with disabilities in the context of common prosperity,but also adapt to the transformation of the disability models and the development of social work theory for people with disabilities. Based on this,social work for people with disabilities in China must follow the transformation of social work theory for people with disabilities under the disability mod-els closely,further respond to the needs of the times,build a more integrated theoretical and practical framework,and make a breakthrough in the direction of localization,digitization and specialization,so as to better integrate with the cause of the people with disabilities,and jointly promote the development of services for people with disabilities.
万方数据
维普
