The Origin,Formation,Development,Differentiation,and Integration of Admin-istrative Social Work:Based on the History and System of Social Work with Chinese Characteristics
The third clue to the history of Chinese social work is the tip from the leader-ship of the Communist Party of China's"border region"in the construction of a grassroots regime and the wartime logistics civil work tradition,guided by Marxism,the fundamental attribute of the socialist system of China under the leadership of the Communist Party,is also the administrative,social work to the history of the devel-opment of the channel.Therefore,the historical sorting out of administrative social work is the only way to summarize the essential characteristics and practical forms of social work with Chinese characteristics.The study of social work with Chinese characteristics needs to clarify the three core issues:The first question is,what are"Chinese characteristics"?The second question is,what is"social work"?The third question is,what is"administrative social work"?In comprehensive response to the three problems,this paper believes that administrative social work corre-sponds to"professional social work",led by the government,to the administrative system of social work;its essential feature is the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the civil affairs department of the main responsibility,in different histori-cal stages multiple subject to participate in collaborative social administration.The sorting of administrative social work can be divided into three stages:the first stage is the beginning period,and the prototype of administrative social work is produced in the tradition of grassroots political power construction and the tradition of wartime logistics service in the border area.At that time,there were two main so-cial undertakings that could be classified as administrative,and social work:One was the disaster relief for the border area government and the war;the other was the social transformation for the grassroots political power and social problems and spe-cific groups(such as feudal superstition,reactionary organizations,prostitutes,gam-bling,drug use,lazy rogue,etc.).The second stage is the initial stage.In order to con-solidate the new state power,the government set up the Ministry of Internal Affairs to actively cooperate with the promotion of socialist transformation and construction activities,and administrative social work officially entered the initial stage.During this period,the main task was to transform prostitutes and vagrants into drug-taking and social relief for disaster.The third stage is the formative period,the main feature of which is that under the planned economy system,the social welfare resources planned by the state are transported vertically by the civil affairs departments and the production units in an administrative way.During this period,administrative social work formed a system and mechanism in which civil affairs led and relevant depart-ments and mass organizations and units cooperated to promote production and disas-ter relief,social relief,and social welfare.An urban and rural social relief system and social welfare system have taken initial shape.The fourth stage is the development period.In the transformation of civil affairs since the reform and opening up of ad-ministrative,social work,the pattern of multiple subjects participating in the main business of"elderly welfare services","mental health welfare institution service","child welfare and relief protection service","vagrants and beggars","service for the disabled","social relief","disaster prevention"and"charity".Social assistance is also further subdivided into"urban subsistence allowance","urban three-without personnel relief","rural subsistence allowance","rural five guarantees","rural tradi-tional relief","medical assistance","temporary assistance"and other specific busi-nesses.In this stage,the restoration and reconstruction of professional social work is constantly accepted within the framework of the administrative social work system,and the two show a new trend of integrated development.Based on the above historical review,the following conclusions can be drawn:first,the local administrative social work in China has the attribute of the leadership of the Party and participation in the Socialist systemsocialist construction;Second,to promote social work with the administrative system and administrative force of the Party and the government is not phased,but runs through the working system,mechanism and practical form of social work with Chinese characteristics;Third,so-cial work with Chinese characteristics belongs to the cause of socialism with Chi-nese characteristics in terms of value goal and is an integral part of Chinese modern-ization,which is fundamentally different from social work under the western capital-ist system.At present,the establishment of the Society Work Department of the Commu-nist Party of China Central Committee is a strategic measure for the Party and the state to adjust and even discipline the social work cause based on the needs of the Chinese-style modernization construction,which has gone beyond the dual division of theory and practice of administrative,social work and professional social work.On the basis of the integrated development of administrative social work and profes-sional social work,"Big social work"needs to establish a new pattern of functional differentiation and integration based on different functional departments of the Party and government.
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