General Characteristics and Research Progresses in Metallogenesis of the Continental Sandstone-Hosted Cu-Pb-Zn Deposits in the Southwest Tianshan
A great number of sediment-hosted Cu-Pb-Zn deposits,including the ultra-large Uragen Pb-Zn deposit and the large Sareke Cu deposit,are found in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins(Kuzigongsu basin,Wulu-Wuqia basin,Keping basin and Kuqa basin)within the southwest Tianshan orogeny.These basins compose a significant base mental metallogenic belt in NW China.Numerous studies suggest that those deposits mainly include three types:The conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits,the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits,and the sandstone-hosted Cu deposits.Based on the main geological characteristics of each deposit type,this paper summarizes the research progress concerning the ore-forming ages,nature and source of the ore-forming fluids,and material source(metals and S).Results indicate that the conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits were formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous during the basin tectonic transition.The sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn and Cu deposits were formed in the Late Miocene and were both closely related to large retrograde thrust tectonics.The ore-forming fluid of conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits dominated by organic fluids,the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits by basin brine,and sandstone-hosted Cu deposits by a mixture of organic fluids and basin brine,with atmospheric precipitation contributing to the ore-forming process.The orogenic zone materials and the sedimentary sulfate are the main sources of metals and S for all deposit types in this region.This paper suggests enhancing research on the ore-forming age of sandstone-hosted Cu deposits,mineralization of the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits,and comparative study with newly discovered marine sandstone-hosted Cu deposits.
southwest Tianshan orogenic beltconglomerate-hosted depositsandstone-hosted depositsCu-Pb-Zn depositsmineralizationore-forming age
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