Genesis of natural hydrogen and progress in global hydrogen resource exploration
Natural hydrogen is a low-carbon,renewable source generated by a variety of abiotic and biotic processes on Earth.The advancement and implementation of natural hydrogen will serve as a pivotal solution for humanity in addressing the climate crisis and achieving a sustainable energy transition.By examining the genesis,geological environment,and reservoir-forming conditions of natural hydrogen,as well as the exploration stages of major countries worldwide,the following conclusions have been reached:(1)The genesis of natural hydrogen is predominantly influenced by inorganic processes,with the most significant being interactions between water and iron-bearing minerals.This phenomenon can occur in a range of geological settings,including ophiolite belts,Precambrian rocks,thermal springs,and oil/gas fields.(2)The hydrogen system can be conceptualized as comprising two distinct subsystems:a source rock-generation subsystem and a migration-storage subsystem.The source rocks exhibit considerable variability and are controlled by a number of factors,including temperature and burial depth.The transportation mechanisms of molecular hydrogen via crystalline and sedimentary rocks are diffusion and advection.Salt,evaporite,and dense igneous rocks serve as effective traps for the hydrogen system.(3)The governments of other countries,including the United States,Australia,France,Spain,Poland,and the Philippines,have enacted pertinent policies and legislation,and provided guidance for natural hydrogen exploration activities.For example,the United States Geological Survey and the Department of Energy are respectively responsible for evaluating the potential of natural hydrogen resources and researching the stimulation of hydrogen production.Other countries,like Australia,have incorporated natural hydrogen into their existing legal framework for resource exploration.(4)China is still in the early stages of investigating and exploring natural hydrogen,and has yet to implement targeted investigations and exploration.Such work should be implemented as soon as possible.
white hydrogenenergy revolutioncarbon-free energy sourcehydrogen reservoirresource potential
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