It is necessary to study on plant community condition and its succession in artificial sand-fixation plants in order to restore grassland productivity and maintain sustained and steady development of artificial vegetation community in Hulunbeir desertification grassland. The method adopted in this paper was to survey the artificial sand-fixing areas of Hulunbeir desertification grasslands with different recovery periods (1, 3, 4, and 5 years) and the important value, ecological volume, and niche overlap of main plant species were calculated. The results show that Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv. was the dominance species for the improvement of desertification grassland in this area and its average niche volume presented a continually increasing trend along with temporal scale. The niche overlap value was 0.9213 between Triticum aestivum L. and Caragana microphylla Lam. and 0.7512 between A. pectinatum and Hedysarum laeve Maxim indicating they had strong competitive capacities in community succession. But the niche overlap values between the nature resume plants and artificially seeded plants were not high. The gradual appearances of C1eistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng and Stipa grandis P. Smirn. indicate the community of this area was stably developing to a coexisted artificial-natural state.