现有餐饮业研究多从地理学角度探索其可达性空间格局分布,忽略了其服务能力与居民外出就餐意愿,导致服务设施的可获得性评价不精确.本文提出了公共服务设施的可获得性指数,从供需平衡角度描述餐饮设施供给能力,以武汉市武昌区为研究区,构建了多类别公共设施可获得性指数的高斯距离衰减函数改进的两步移动搜索法(multiclass gaussian-two step floating catchment area method,MG-2SFCA).研究结果如下:①针对不同类型餐饮设施的距离衰减程度存在差异性,优化高斯距离衰减函数.MG-2SFCA方法较经典模型可以更加真实的模拟居民的出行意愿.②在可达性基础上首次给出可获得性指数的量化评价方法.通过外出就餐数据进行需求分类,根据平均餐位数和用餐时间量化设施供给能力并代入MG-2SF-CA 模型解算可获得性指数.③武昌区餐饮设施的空间可获得性分布存在着区域差异和行业聚集特征,其可获得性主要集中在中华路街、粮道街、水果湖街和徐家棚街.本研究结果为其他地区或其他公共服务设施的可获得性评价提供了科学借鉴.
Evaluation of the Availability of Urban Public Services
Current research on the catering industry mostly ex-plores the spatial pattern distribution of accessibility from the perspective of geography,which ignores service capacity of fa-cility and residents' willingness,resulting in inaccurate evalu-ation of the availability of service facilities. In this paper,the availability index of public service facilities is proposed,and the supply capacity of catering facilities is described from the perspective of supply and demand balance. Taking Wuchang District of Wuhan City as the research area,A Two Step Floating Catchment Area Method boosted by the Multi-class Gaussian distance attenuation function is constructed to repre-sent the availability of different types of catering facilities. The results yielded show that:①By distinguishing the dis-tance attenuation degree of different types of catering facili-ties,the Gaussian distance attenuation function is optimized. Meanwhile,the MG-2SFCA method can simulate residents' eating intentions more realistically than the classical model. ②Based on accessibility,the quantitative evaluation method of availability index is presented for the first time. The model classifies demand by eating-out data and quantifies facility sup-ply capacity according to average meal number and meal time. ③The spatial availability distribution of catering facilities in Wuchang District has regional differences and industry cluster-ing. In addition,the distribution centers of its availability are mainly concentrated in Zhonghualu Street,Liangdao Street,Fruit Lake Street and Xujiapeng Street. The results of this study can provide scientific reference for the availability evalu-ation of other public service facilities or other areas.
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