首页|民国中期以来洞庭湖洲滩演变特征

民国中期以来洞庭湖洲滩演变特征

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为研究民国中期以来洞庭湖洲滩时空演变特征，利用民国中期以来15个时段的历史地图和航天航空遥感数据，采用遥感解译与历史对比方法，研究现代洞庭湖洲滩发育分区，分析1938～2021年主要洲滩演变特征和变化原因。结果表明:洞庭湖的洲滩以陆源碎屑沉积为主，伴有生物沉积作用，沉积类型有湖相沉积、河流冲积、河漫滩与江心洲沉积以及河湖交互沉积，且因不同季节的水沙条件不同而呈现不同的沉积特点;洞庭湖现代洲滩分为20个发育亚区，其中东洞庭湖9个亚区，南洞庭湖8个亚区，西洞庭湖3个亚区;东洞庭湖中，漂尾洲是洞庭湖的最大洲滩，枯水期面积达466。89 km2;藕池河东支河口三角洲是近百年来发育最快的洲滩，1938年藕池河东支河口位于注滋口，1971年河口三角洲东延12。13 km至现今湖岸，其后河道向湖泊推进26。42 km;南洞庭湖的洲滩主要发育于沿嵩竹河一线以及万子湖北部，湖内湘江河漫滩与古湘江、资水三角洲后期受湖泊冲淤改造，但枯水期轮廓清晰;西洞庭湖中，七里湖因淤积已成为松澧洪道的组成部分，目平湖北部为松澧三角洲，南部为沅水三角洲，泥沙淤塞严重，枯水期主湖泊基本干枯。研究成果为合理开发、利用洞庭湖洲滩湿地资源，调整后三峡时代洞庭湖区治湖思路提供了客观资料。
Evolution Characteristics of Bottomland in Dongting Lake Since the Middle of the Republic of China
In order to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of bottomland in Dongting Lake since the middle of the Republic of China,this paper used the historical maps and aerospace remote sensing data of 15 periods since the middle of the Republic of China,used remote sensing interpretation and historical comparison methods to study subzone of bottomland development in modem Dongting Lake.The evolution characteristics and change reasons of main bottomland from 1938 to 2021 were analyzed.The results showed that the bottomland of Dongting Lake was dominated by terrigenous detritus,accompanied by biogenic sedimentation.The sedimentary types included lacustrine deposits,river alluvial deposits,floodplain and river delta deposits,and river lake interactive deposits.Furthermore,different sediment characteristics were displayed due to the different water and sediment conditions in different seasons.The modern bottomland of Dongting Lake was divided into 20 sub regions,including 9 sub regions in the east of Dongting Lake,8 sub regions in the south of Dongting Lake,and 3 sub regions in the west of Dongting Lake.In the East Dongting Lake,Piaowei Island was the largest beach of Dongting Lake,with an area of 466.89 km2 during dry seasons.The estuary delta of the east branch of the Ouchi River was the fastest growing bottomland in the last century,which was located at the junction of Zhuzi bleeder in 1938,and estuary delta had extended 12.13 km2 eastward to the current shoreline,and then the river channel advanced 26.42 km2 toward the lake.The bottomland of South Dongting Lake mainly developed along the Songzhu River and the north of Wanzi Lake.The Xiangjiang River floodplain,the ancient Xiangjiang River and the Zishui Delta were eroded and silted,but their outlines were clear in dry seasons.In West Dongting Lake,Qili Lake had become a component of Songli floodway due to sedimentation,and the northern part of Muping Lake was the Songli Delta,while the southern part was the Yuanshui Delta.The sediment was severely silted up,and the main lakes were basically dried up during dry seasons.The research results provided objective data for the rational development and utilization of Dongting Lake bottomland resources and the adjustment of the Dongting Lake region's lake management strategy in the post-Three Gorges era.

middle of the Republic of Chinahistorical mapremote sensing technologyDongting Lake areabottomland subzonebottomland evolution

邱罗、余姝辰、唐辉、贺秋华、金小燕、余德清

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湖南工程学院教育与工程文化创新研究院,湖南湘潭 411104

洞庭湖区生态环境遥感监测湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙 410007

自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心,湖南长沙 410007

湖南省自然资源事务中心,湖南长沙 410004

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民国中期 历史地图 遥感技术 洞庭湖区 洲滩分区 洲滩演变

湖南省科技创新平台与人才计划项目湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目湖南省生态环境厅2022年度环保科研项目

2019TP10122022-19湘自资科20230151ST湘自资科20230142STHBKT-2022023

2024

10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202406010

长江流域资源与环境
中国科学院资源环境科学与技术局 中国科学院武汉文献情报中心

长江流域资源与环境

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.35
ISSN：1004-8227
年,卷(期)：2024.33(6)
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