摘要
党的二十届三中全会提出要"巩固和完善农村基本经营制度""完善强农惠农富农支持制度""深化土地制度改革".土地作为农村最重要的资源,在发展新型农村集体经济、实现乡村振兴、推动共同富裕过程中发挥着至关重要的作用.本文在原有"政府—市场"分析框架的基础上,构建"政府—市场—组织"新型农村集体经济发展的理论框架,并基于土地要素视角,采用多案例研究方法,探讨多元合作推动新型农村集体经济发展的典型模式和基本路径.研究发现,新型农村集体经济是政府、市场与组织多元合作过程中形成的一种农村经济发展新形态,体现出政府引导、两委牵头、村民协作和产业支撑四位一体的共同特征.政府、市场与组织的合作模式决定了农村土地要素的利用和经营方式,形成劳动创新型、劳动优化型、资本创新型和资本优化型四种不同类型的新型农村集体经济发展模式.在此过程中,集体决策是关键.本文分析了多元合作背景下土地要素驱动新型农村集体经济发展的基本逻辑,为新型农村集体经济发展模式在全国推广提供了经验借鉴.
Abstract
The development of the new rural collective economy serves as a crucial lever for implementing the rural revitalization strategy and an important pathway to guide farmers toward common prosperity.The No.1 Central Document for 2025,Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Deepening Rural Reform and Solidly Advancing Comprehensive Rural Revitalization,explicitly emphasizes the need to"develop the new rural collective economy based on local conditions".Land plays an indispensable role in this process.Therefore,in the context of diversified cooperation,it is necessary to explore replicable and scalable new pathways and models for the development of the new rural collective economy from the perspective of land elements.From the perspective of land elements,this paper employs a multiple-case approach to analyze the fundamental pathways through which diversified cooperation promotes the development of the new rural collective economy.This paper finds that the new rural collective economy emerges as a novel form of rural economic development,characterized by the collaborative efforts of the government,market,and collective entities during diversified cooperation.It exhibits four common features:government guidance,village committees'leadership,villager participation,and industrial support.The cooperative models among the government,market,and organizations determine the utilization and management of rural land elements,giving rise to four distinct development models:labor-innovative,labor-optimized,capital-innovative,and capital-optimized.In this process,collective decision-making plays a pivotal role.On the one hand,rural collective economic organizations possess informational advantages,being more familiar with local farmers'needs and market competitive edges.On the other hand,as market entities,these organizations play a significant role in implementing government policies related to finance,credit,and land.Compared to existing literature,the potential marginal contributions of this paper are in three aspects.First,by constructing a"government-market-organization"analytical framework for the new rural collective economy,it theoretically examines the fundamental logic of land-driven development under diversified cooperation.Second,from the perspective of land elements,it delves into the diverse development models adopted by four villages under diversified cooperation,analyzing their distinctive features to provide replicable experiences for other regions.Third,using a multiple-case analysis approach,it summarizes the common characteristics of diversified cooperation in the development of the new rural collective economy,offering valuable insights for nationwide practices.
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