摘要
《磻溪集》中的诗歌是丘处机长达3 4年修道、鸣道生活的形象再现.其叙事咏怀诗主要创作于磻溪、龙门苦修时期,表达了斗闲苦修以断除世情的理念,描述了苦修过程中克服的种种磨难,抒发了悠闲自在的宗教体验.其交游题赠之作可分为前后两期,前期主要是向外界介绍、宣传自己的日常生活、修道决心、修道体悟,后期则以宗教智者自居,向俗众劝道弘法.其写景状物诗是其体道思维的体现和山居情结的反映,他从景物中感悟自然的真与假、大道的永恒与世俗的虚幻,并塑造了一系列洞天意象——仙游境、清幽景、清闲士以及体现心性修炼的"心月"意象!其示众宣教诗是为了教导自己的徒众创作的,一类是纯粹的说理诗,另一类则从自身的修炼语境、修炼经历入手,融写景、抒情、议论于一炉,颇具艺术感染力.这四类诗歌不仅揭示了丘处机宗教实践的具体内涵和精神面貌,而且彰显了山居斗闲这一特殊修炼方式对丘处机宗教思维、审美思维的深刻影响,从而使得其诗歌的生命体悟、文学意象拥有了独特的个性.因此,无论是从宗教史还是从文学史的角度来看,其诗歌均具有无可替代的价值.
Abstract
The poems in Panxi Ji represent the image of Qiu Chuji in 34-year life of cultivation and praise of Taoism.His lyric poems were mainly created during the ascetic periods in Panxi and Longmen,expressing the idea of wandering through idleness and asceticism to break away from the world,describing the various tribulations he overcomed during the ascetic process,and showing a leisurely and comfortable religious experience.His communicative poems can be divided into early and later creation.The first period was mainly to introduce and promote his daily life,religious determination,and religious understanding to the outside world,while in the later period,he claimed to be a wise religious person and persuaded the public to practice the Taoism.His landscape poems are the expression of a cognition of meditation and a complex of dwelling in mountains.From those scenes,he understood the truth and falsehood of the nature,the eternity of the Tao and the nihility of the world,and also created a series of images of the grotto-heavens——the scene of fairyland,the quiet scenery,the laid-back scholar,and the image of"heart moon"that reflects spiritual cultivation.His poems on preaching to the public were created for teaching his disciples,which include two types:the pure didactic poems,and the other poems focusing on the background and experience of his own cultivation,and are quite artistically appealing with the incorporating of scenery,lyricism,and discussion.These four categories of poetry not only reveal the specific connotations and spiritual aspects of Qiu Chuji's religious practice,but also highlight the profound influence of the special practice method of living in the mountains leisurely on Qiu Chuji's religious mind and aesthetic thinking,thus fill up a unique personality to the life experience and literary imagery of his poems.Therefore,whether from the perspective of religious history or literary history,his poetry is of irreplaceable value.
维普
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