"非乐":墨子对孔子"乐教"的反拨
"Anti-Music":Mozi's Rebuttal of Confucius's"Music Education"
王齐洲1
作者信息
- 1. 华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉 430079
- 折叠
摘要
墨子"非乐",以为孔子"乐教"会导致厚敛民财,不利民生;费时耗财,不利政治;争夺财物,天下大乱;危害社会分工,妨害社会生产,扰乱社会秩序;既不符合圣王治国之传统,也不利于万民之生计,故必须加以禁止!墨子的"非乐"思想是其"非儒"思想的重要组成部分.他对儒家礼乐文化的批判主要集中在社会实践层面,或者说主要是社会学和政治学批判,这样的批判自有其理论意义和现实价值.然而,儒家礼乐教育关注的是秩序与和谐,首先强调的是人的内心的秩序与和谐,其根本指引是培养君子人格和快乐精神.孔子"乐教"首先关注的也是"乐"在人格教育中的意义和价值,然后才是社会实践和政治层面的问题.墨子仅从社会实践和政治层面批判孔子"乐教",显然不完全符合被批判对象的本质特性.
Abstract
Mozi's"Anti-Music"stance argues that Confucius's"Music Education"leads to heavy taxation,which is detrimental to the people's livelihood;wastes time and resources,harms political stability;causes competition for wealth,leads to chaos;disrupts social division of labor,hinders social production,and disturbs social order.It neither aligns with the traditional governance of sage kings nor benefits the livelihood of the people,and therefore must be prohibited.Mozi's"Anti-Music"thought is an important component of his"Anti-Confucianism"philosophy.His criticism of Confucian ritual and music culture mainly focuses on social practice,or in other words,it is primarily a sociological and political critique.This criticism has its theoretical significance and practical value.However,Confucian ritual and music education emphasizes order and harmony,focusing first on the order and harmony within a person's heart,and fundamentally aims to cultivate the personality of a gentleman and the spirit of joy.Confucius's"Music Education"primarily concerns the meaning and value of"music"in character education,followed by issues in social practice and political aspects.Mozi's critique of Confucius's"Music Education"solely from social and political perspectives is evidently not fully aligned with the essential characteristics of the subject being criticized.
关键词
儒学/乐教/墨学/非乐/礼乐文化Key words
Confucianism/Music Education/Mohism/Anti-Music/Ritual and Music Culture引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据