论美国反文化运动中的"黑塞崇拜"
The"Hesse Worship"in the American Counterculture Movement
汪树东 1姚梦婕1
作者信息
- 1. 武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉 430072
- 折叠
摘要
经过20世纪60年代的反文化运动,赫尔曼·黑塞之名从此在美国文化中永久扎根.反文化运动的主力军,被称作"嬉皮士"的美国青年从黑塞及其作品《荒原狼》所塑造的男主人公哈里·哈勒尔身上看见了自己的缩影.他们和哈勒尔一样,处于社会与文化冲突的时代困境中.哈勒尔反对的德国纳粹主义神话与美国政客标榜的美国国家神话在某种程度上都是恩斯特·卡西尔强调的"按计划被制造的神话",其本质上是国家政治偶像试图通过消解个体意识,获得集体的拥护,从而达成统治霸权的手段.哈勒尔渴望脱离中产阶级安乐窝,则使嬉皮士青年意识到刻有他们童年印记的生活热土与成年后面临的现实社会间的割裂.在寻求解决这些冲突的过程中,嬉皮士青年像他们的德国偶像黑塞一样,转身投向异国神秘元素的怀抱.嬉皮士青年反抗政治神话、群体蒙蔽、战争、技术、中产阶级制度等一切美国主流文化,把黑塞及其塑造的小说人物引为同道,最终酿成了如火如荼的"黑塞崇拜"文化浪潮.
Abstract
Through the counterculture movement in the 1960s,Hermann Hesse's name became permanently embedded in American culture.The vanguard of the counterculture movement,known as"Hippies,"saw in Hesse and the protagonist Harry Haller,in his work Der Steppenwolf,the images of themselves.Like Haller,they also found themselves in societal and cultural conflicts.The German mythology of Nazi ideology,opposed by Haller,and the American national mythology touted by politicians,to some extent,aligned with the"myths made according to plan"emphasized by the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer.These myths fundamentally sought collective support by dissolving individual consciousness to establish dominance for ruling authority.The bourgeois comfort that Haller struggled to break free from made the Hippies realize the disconnect between the terrain of their childhood impressions and the harsh reality of adult society they faced.In addressing these conflicts,the Hippies,like their German idol Hesse,also embraced exotic and mysterious elements from foreign lands.Resistance to political myths,mass deception,war,technology,bourgeois systems,and all aspects of mainstream American culture led Hesse and his works to be heralded before the Hippies,ultimately giving rise to the vibrant"Hesse worship"cultural wave.
关键词
赫尔曼·黑塞/《荒原狼》/嬉皮士/哈里·哈勒尔Key words
Hermann Hesse/Der Steppenwolf/The Hippies/Harry Haller引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据