清抄本《方韵相转谱》的等韵理论及其所记"中州音"
The Dengyun(等韵)Theory of the Qing Manuscript Fangyun Xiangzhuan Pu(《方韵相转谱》)and the"Zhongzhou Yin"("中州音")Recorded in it
李军1
作者信息
- 1. 南昌大学客赣方言与语言应用研究中心,江西南昌 330031
- 折叠
摘要
清抄本《方韵相转谱》以《直图》韵图形式展现"中州音",以之作为等韵通转的标准,将十四通(即"摄")各韵母方音通转、古音叶音关系直观地反映出来.《方韵相转谱》虽沿袭了《直图》三十二声母系统,但以直观的方式反映了实际语音的声母系统特征;将《直图》四十四韵合并为三十二韵,很大程度上反映了实际语音韵母系统特征.为了反映完整的转音关系,以及受传统韵图影响,韵图借列字现象较多.根据韵图反映转音的方式,通过分析借列字的性质,判断帮非组、知照组字韵母实际读音而归纳出的实际语音系统与语音特征反映,《方韵相转谱》"中州音"是建立在河南中原官话基础上的,与现代郑州等地中原官话方言有很大程度的一致性.
Abstract
The Qing manuscript Fangyun Xiangzhuan Pu shows the"Zhongzhou Yin"in a rhyme table of Zhitu(《直图》),which is used as the standard for Zhuan(转)and Xie(叶)intuitively reflects the relationship between the fourteen tong(通)(i.e.,she摄)of each finals and the ancient sound and Xieyin(叶音).Although inherites the 32 initials system of Zhitu,Fangyun Xiangzhuan Pu manifests the characteristics of the initials system of the actual speech in an intuitive way.And by merging the 44 rhymes in Zhitu into 32 rhymes,it largely reveals the practical features of the finals system.Bearing the influence of traditional rhyme tables,and the aim of unfolding the complete"Zhuanyin"relationship,Fangyun Xiangzhuan Pu relies on many borrowing characters in its rhyme table.Illustrating the"Zhuanyin"by the rhyme tables,this paper analyzes the properties of the borrowed characters and identifies the actual pronunciation of the finals of the words of the Bangfei(帮非)group and the Zhizhao(知照)group,and based on this summarizes the practical phonetic system and phonetic characteristics of the characters.In so doing,this paper concludes that the"Zhongzhou Yin"in Fangyun Xiangzhuan Pu was formed on the pronunciation of the"Zhongyuan Guanhua"(中原官话)dialect of Henan Province,which was very similar with the"Zhongyuan Guanhua"dialect of Zhengzhou City and other related regions in modern times.
关键词
韵图/声母系统/韵母系统/转音关系/中原官话Key words
Rhyme Table/Initials System/Finals System/"Zhuanyin"Relationship/"Zhongyuan Guanhua"引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据